ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (EV) byakunze kwibasirwa nabi mugihe cyo guhura numuriro wa EV.Abantu benshi bizera ko EV ikunda gufata umuriro, icyakora turi hano kugirango dusibe imigani kandi tuguhe amakuru yerekeye umuriro wa EV.
Imibare Yumuriro
Mu bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa naAutoInsuranceEZ, isosiyete yubwishingizi yabanyamerika, inshuro zumuriro mumodoka zasuzumwe mumwaka wa 2021. Ibinyabiziga bifite moteri yaka imbere (ibinyabiziga bya peteroli na mazutu gakondo) byari bifite umubare munini wumuriro ugereranije nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byuzuye.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibinyabiziga bya peteroli na mazutu byahuye n’umuriro 1530 ku modoka 100.000, mu gihe 25 kuri 100.000 gusa by’amashanyarazi byuzuye byafashwe n’umuriro.Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana neza ko EV mu byukuri bidashoboka gufata umuriro kurusha bagenzi babo ba peteroli.
Iyi mibare irashyigikirwa kandi naRaporo y'ingaruka za Tesla 2020, ivuga ko habaye umuriro umwe w'imodoka ya Tesla kuri kilometero 205 zagenze.Ugereranije, amakuru yakusanyirijwe muri Amerika yerekana ko hari umuriro umwe kuri kilometero 19 zigenda n'imodoka za ICE.Ibi bintu birashyigikirwa naIkigo c'inyubako ya Australiya,gushyigikira uburambe bwisi yose ya EV kugeza ubu byerekana ko bafite amahirwe make yo kwishora mumuriro kuruta moteri yaka imbere.
None, ni ukubera iki EV zidashobora gufata umuriro kuruta imodoka za ICE?Tekinoroji ikoreshwa muri bateri ya EV yagenewe cyane cyane gukumira ubushyuhe bwumuriro, bigatuma umutekano uba mwiza.Byongeye kandi, abakora imodoka nyinshi zamashanyarazi bahitamo gukoresha bateri ya lithium-ion kubera imikorere yabo myiza ninyungu.Bitandukanye na lisansi, yaka ako kanya iyo ihuye nikibatsi cyangwa urumuri, bateri ya lithium-ion isaba igihe cyo kugera kubushyuhe bukenewe bwo gutwikwa.Kubera iyo mpamvu, bafite ibyago bike cyane byo guteza umuriro cyangwa guturika.
Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya EV ikubiyemo ingamba zinyongera z'umutekano zo gukumira inkongi y'umuriro.Batteri ikikijwe nigitambaro gikonje cyuzuyemo ibicurane byamazi, birinda ubushyuhe bwinshi.Nubwo ibicurane byananirana, bateri za EV zitondekanya mumatsinda yatandukanijwe numuriro, bikagabanya ibyangiritse mugihe habaye imikorere mibi.Ikindi gipimo ni tekinoroji yo kwigunga amashanyarazi, igabanya ingufu muri bateri ya EV mugihe habaye impanuka, bikagabanya ibyago byamashanyarazi numuriro.Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ikora akazi kingenzi mugutahura ibihe bikomeye no gufata ingamba zo kugabanya gukumira ubushyuhe bwumuriro nuyoboro mugufi.Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza ya batiri yemeza ko ipaki ya batiri iguma mubushuhe bwumutekano muke, ikoresha tekinoroji nko gukonjesha ikirere cyangwa gukonjesha amazi.Harimo kandi umuyaga wo kurekura imyuka itangwa ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, bikagabanya kwiyongera k'umuvuduko.
Mugihe EV idakunze kwibasirwa numuriro, ni ngombwa gufata neza no kwirinda kugirango ugabanye ingaruka.Uburangare no kudakurikiza amabwiriza asabwa birashobora kongera umuriro.Hano hari inama nkeya kugirango umenye neza uburyo bwiza bushoboka kuri EV yawe:
- Mugabanye guhura nubushyuhe: Mugihe cyubushyuhe, irinde guhagarika EV yawe mumirasire yizuba cyangwa ahantu hashyushye.Nibyiza guhagarara muri garage cyangwa ahantu hakonje kandi humye.
- Kurikirana ibimenyetso bya batiri: Kurenza bateri birashobora kwangiza ubuzima bwayo kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bwa bateri muri rusange za EV.Irinde kwishyuza bateri kubushobozi bwuzuye.Kuramo EV mbere yuko bateri igera kubushobozi bwuzuye.Ariko, bateri ya lithium-ion ntigomba gukama rwose mbere yo kwishyuza.Intego yo kwishyuza hagati ya 20% na 80% yubushobozi bwa bateri.
- Irinde gutwara ibintu bikarishye: Ibinogo cyangwa amabuye atyaye birashobora kwangiza bateri, bigatera ingaruka zikomeye.Niba hari ibyangiritse bibaye, fata EV yawe kumukanishi wujuje ibyangombwa kugirango ugenzurwe vuba kandi bikenewe.
Mugusobanukirwa ukuri no gufata ingamba zisabwa, urashobora kwishimira ibyiza byimodoka zamashanyarazi ufite amahoro yo mumutima, uzi ko byakozwe numutekano nkibyingenzi.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-15-2023