Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kwishyuza ev?

Ev yateye intambwe nini murwego mumyaka yashize. Kuva 2017 kugeza 2022. Urwego rutwara abantu rwiyongereye kuva ku birometero 212 kugeza ku birometero 500, kandi icyitegererezo kiracyari cyo kwiyongera, kandi icyitegererezo gishobora no kugera ku kilometero 1.000. Urugendo rwuzuye rwinshi bivuga kureka imbaraga ziva kuri 100% kuri 0%, ariko muri rusange nizera ko ukoresheje bateri yimbaraga kumupaka ntabwo aribyiza.

Ni bangahe barebera kuri EV? Kwishyuza byuzuye ibyangiritse kuri bateri? Kurundi ruhande, ni ukuvuga rwose bateri mbi kuri bateri? Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kwishyuza bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi?

1. Ntabwo byemewe kwishyuza byimazeyo bateri yimbaraga

Bateri yamashanyarazi mubisanzwe akoresha selile-ion-ion. Kimwe nibindi bikoresho ukoresheje bateri ya lithium, nka terefone igendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa, kwishyuza 100% birashobora guhindura bateri muri leta idahungabana, zirashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumusemunite (leta zishyuza) cyangwa zitera kunanirwa nabi. Iyo bateri yubutegetsi bwinama yishyuwe neza kandi isohozwa, LititIum ions ntishobora gushinyagurwa no gukusanya mu cyambu cyo kwishyuza kugirango ikore Dendrite. Ibi bintu birashobora gutobora byoroshye imbaraga elecromagnetic diaphragm kandi ikora umuzunguruko mugufi, bizatuma ikinyabiziga kigenda gitwika. Kubwamahirwe, gutsindwa kw'ibinyabuzima ni gake cyane, ariko birashoboka cyane ko byavaga guterwa na bateri. Iyo lithium ions reaction muri electrolyte itera gutakaza lithium, basohoka kurega. Mubisanzwe biterwa n'ubushyuhe buke byakozwe n'ingufu zabitswe iyo bashinjwaga ubushobozi buhebuje. Kubwibyo, kurenza urugero bizatera impinduka zidasubirwaho muburyo bwiza bwa electrode ikora ibikoresho bya bateri hamwe na electrolyte, kugabanya ubuzima bwa serivise ya bateri. Rimwe na rimwe kwishyuza ibinyabiziga 100% ntibishoboka ko bitera ibibazo byihuse, nkibihe bidasanzwe ntibishobora kwirinda kwishyuza byimazeyo imodoka. Ariko, niba bateri yimodoka yishyuwe neza igihe kirekire kandi kenshi, ibibazo bizavuka.

2. Byaba byemewe 100% rwose

Bamwe mu bakorana bashizeho abarinzi ba buffer kugirango bakureho kugirango bagumane soord soure igihe kirekire gishoboka. Ibi bivuze ko iyo ikibaho cyimodoka cyerekana amafaranga 100 ku ijana, ntabwo agera kumupaka bishobora kugira ingaruka kubuzima bwa bateri. Uku gushyirwaho, cyangwa gupitanya, mitape gutesha agaciro, kandi gukora cyane birashoboka gukurura kuri iki gishushanyo kugirango ikinyabiziga gishoboke.

3. Irinde gusohora gukabije

Muri rusange, guhora usohora bateri kurenza 50% yubushobozi bwayo bizagabanya umubare uteganijwe wizunguruka. Kurugero, kwishyuza bateri kugeza 100% no kubirukana munsi ya 50% bizagabanya ubuzima bwayo, kandi bikabishyira kuri 80% no kubirukana munsi ya 30% nabo bazagabanya ubuzima bwa 30%. Ni kangahe ubujyakuzimu bwo gusohora (ubujyakuzimu bwo gusezererwa) bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa bateri? Batteri yahagurutse kuri 50% izaba ifite ubushobozi bwimibare 4 kurenza bateri yamenetse kuri 100%. Kubera ko bateri el zitigera zisohoka rwose - urebye uburinzi bukabije, mubyukuri ingaruka zo gusohora kwimbitse zirashobora kuba nke, ariko ziracyafite akamaro.

4. Nigute wakwishyuza ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi no kubaho ubuzima bwa bateri

1) Witondere igihe cyo kwishyuza, birasabwa gukoresha buhoro kwishyuza uburyo bwo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bigabanijwemo kwishyuza byihuse no kwishyuza buhoro. Buhoro buhoro bifata muri rusange bifata amasaha 8 kugeza 10, mugihe uwishyuza byihuse muri rusange bifata igice cyisaha 80% byimbaraga, kandi birashobora kwishyurwa neza mumasaha 2. Ariko, kwishyuza byihuse bizakoresha ubunini nimbaraga nini, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumapaki ya bateri. Niba kwishyuza vuba, bizanatera imbaraga za bateri, zizagabanya ubuzima bwa bateri yimbaraga mugihe, bityo biracyariho amahitamo yambere mugihe ariyemerera. Uburyo buhoro bwo kwishyuza. Twabibutsa ko igihe cyo kwishyuza kitagomba kuba kirekire, bitabaye ibyo bizatera kurenganurwa kandi bigatera bateri yimodoka gushyuha.

2) Witondere imbaraga mugihe utwaye kandi wirinde kurangiza ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bizakwibutsa kwigurika vuba mugihe imbaraga zisigaye ari 20% kugeza 30%. Niba ukomeje gutwara muri iki gihe, bateri izasohoka cyane, izagabana ubuzima bwa bateri. Kubwibyo, mugihe imbaraga zisigaye za bateri ziri hasi, igomba kwishyurwa mugihe.

3) Iyo ubitse igihe kirekire, ntukemere ko bateri itakaza imbaraga niba ikinyabiziga kigomba guhagarara igihe kirekire, menya neza ko utareka bateri itakaza imbaraga. Batare ikunda kwihitiramo imari yububasha, hamwe na Kilestate ya Squlstal ikurikiza isahani, izahagarika umuyoboro wa ont, bitera kwishyuza bidahagije, no kugabanya ubushobozi bwa bateri. Kubwibyo, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bigomba kwishyurwa byimazeyo iyo biparitse igihe kirekire. Birasabwa kubatwara buri gihe kugirango batere bateri muburyo bwiza.