Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kwishyuza EV?

EV imaze gutera intambwe nini mu myaka yashize. Kuva muri 2017 kugeza 2022. Ikigereranyo cyo gutembera cyiyongereye kiva kuri kilometero 212 kigera kuri kilometero 500, kandi ingendo ziracyiyongera, ndetse na moderi zimwe zishobora no kugera kuri kilometero 1.000. Urugendo rwuzuye rwuzuye rusobanura kureka ingufu zikava kuri 100% zikagera kuri 0%, ariko muri rusange abantu bemeza ko gukoresha bateri yumuriro kuribi atari byiza.

Nangahe amafaranga meza kuri EV? Kwishyuza byuzuye bizangiza bateri? Kurundi ruhande, gukuramo bateri rwose ni bibi kuri bateri? Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kwishyuza bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi?

1. Ntabwo byemewe kwishyuza byuzuye bateri yumuriro

Batteri yimashanyarazi isanzwe ikoresha selile ya lithium-ion. Kimwe nibindi bikoresho ukoresha bateri ya lithium, nka terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa, kwishyuza 100% birashobora gusiga bateri mu buryo budahungabana, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kuri SOC (Leta ishinzwe) cyangwa bigatera gutsindwa gukabije. Iyo bateri yumuriro wamashanyarazi yuzuye kandi ikarekurwa, ioni ya lithium ntishobora gushyirwamo no kwegeranya ku cyambu cyo kwishyiriraho kugirango ikore dendrite. Iyi ngingo irashobora gutobora byoroshye ingufu za diaphragm ya electromagnetic kandi igakora uruziga rugufi, ibyo bigatuma imodoka ihita yaka. Kubwamahirwe, gutsindwa kwibiza ni gake cyane, ariko birashoboka cyane ko byaviramo kwangirika kwa batiri. Iyo ion ya lithium ihuye ninyuma muri electrolyte itera igihombo cya lithium, basohoka muburyo bwo kwishyuza. Ubusanzwe biterwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru butangwa ningufu zabitswe iyo zishyizwe mubushobozi buhebuje. Kubwibyo, kwishyuza birenze urugero bizatera impinduka zidasubirwaho mumiterere yibikoresho byiza bya electrode ikora ya bateri no kubora kwa electrolyte, bigabanya igihe cya serivisi ya bateri. Rimwe na rimwe kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kugeza 100% ntibishobora gutera ibibazo byihuse, kuko ibihe bidasanzwe ntibishobora kwirinda kwishyuza imodoka. Ariko, niba bateri yimodoka yashizwemo igihe kinini kandi kenshi, ibibazo bizavuka.

2. Niba ibyerekanwe 100% byuzuye byuzuye

Bamwe mu bakora amamodoka bashizeho ibyuma birinda ibyuma bya EV kugirango babungabunge SOC nzima igihe kirekire gishoboka. Ibi bivuze ko iyo ikibaho cyimodoka cyerekana amafaranga 100 ku ijana, ntabwo iba igeze kumupaka ishobora kugira ingaruka kubuzima bwa bateri. Uku gushiraho, cyangwa kwisiga, bigabanya kwangirika kwa bateri, kandi abatwara ibinyabiziga benshi birashoboka ko bakwegera iki gishushanyo kugirango imodoka ikomeze kumera neza ishoboka.

3. Irinde gusohoka cyane

Muri rusange, gukomeza gusohora bateri irenze 50% yubushobozi bwayo bizagabanya umubare uteganijwe wizunguruka ya bateri. Kurugero, kwishyuza bateri kugeza 100% no kuyisohora munsi ya 50% bizagabanya ubuzima bwayo, kandi kuyishyuza 80% no kuyisohora munsi ya 30% nabyo bizagabanya ubuzima bwayo. Ni bangahe ubujyakuzimu bwo gusohora DOD (Ubujyakuzimu bwa Discharge) bugira ingaruka mubuzima bwa bateri? Batare yazungurutse kuri 50% DOD izaba ifite ubushobozi bwikubye inshuro 4 kurenza bateri yazengurutse 100% DOD. Kubera ko bateri za EV zitigeze zisohoka rwose - urebye kurinda buffer, mubyukuri ingaruka zo gusohora kwimbitse zishobora kuba nke, ariko ziracyafite akamaro.

4. Nigute ushobora kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi no kongera igihe cya bateri

1) Witondere igihe cyo kwishyuza, birasabwa gukoresha buhoro buhoro Uburyo bwo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bigabanijwemo kwishyurwa byihuse no gutinda buhoro. Kwishyuza buhoro muri rusange bifata amasaha 8 kugeza 10, mugihe kwishyuza byihuse muri rusange bifata igice cyisaha kugirango wishyure 80% byingufu, kandi birashobora kwishyurwa byuzuye mumasaha 2. Nyamara, kwishyuza byihuse bizakoresha amashanyarazi manini nimbaraga, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumapaki ya batiri. Niba kwishyuza byihuse, bizanatera ingufu za batiri imbaraga, bizagabanya ubuzima bwa bateri yumuriro mugihe, bityo biracyari amahitamo yambere mugihe kibyemereye. Uburyo bwo kwishyuza buhoro. Twabibutsa ko igihe cyo kwishyuza kitagomba kuba kirekire, bitabaye ibyo bizatera umuriro mwinshi kandi bitera bateri yimodoka gushyuha.

2) Witondere imbaraga mugihe utwaye kandi wirinde gusohora cyane Imodoka nshya yingufu zizakwibutsa kwishyuza vuba bishoboka mugihe ingufu zisigaye ari 20% kugeza 30%. Niba ukomeje gutwara muri iki gihe, bateri izasohoka cyane, nayo izagabanya igihe cya bateri. Kubwibyo, mugihe imbaraga zisigaye za bateri ari nke, igomba kwishyurwa mugihe.

3) Mugihe ubitse umwanya muremure, ntukemere ko bateri yatakaza ingufu Niba ikinyabiziga kigomba guhagarara umwanya muremure, menya neza ko utareka bateri ikabura ingufu. Batare ikunda guhumeka muburyo bwo gutakaza ingufu, kandi kristu ya sulfate ya sisitemu ifata isahani, izahagarika umuyoboro wa ion, igatera umuriro udahagije, kandi igabanya ubushobozi bwa batiri. Kubwibyo, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bigomba kwishyurwa byuzuye mugihe bihagaritswe igihe kirekire. Birasabwa kubishyuza buri gihe kugirango bateri imere neza.