Ibikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi ni iki (EVSE)?
Mugihe cyogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kwisi yose hamwe ningufu zicyatsi kibisi, ibikoresho byo kwishyuza EV (EVSE, ibikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi) byahindutse ibikorwa remezo bigamije guteza imbere ubwikorezi burambye, EVSE ntabwo ari poste yishyuza gusa, ahubwo ni sisitemu ihuriweho hamwe nibikorwa byinshi nko guhinduranya amashanyarazi, kurinda umutekano, kugenzura ubwenge, itumanaho ryamakuru nibindi bikorwa, EVSE ntabwo ari "poste yishyuza", ahubwo ni uburyo bwuzuye bwo kugenzura amakuru, kurinda amakuru, kugenzura amakuru, no guhuza amakuru, no guhuza amakuru, guhuza amakuru, umutekano, guhuza amakuru, no guhuza amakuru, no kugenzura amakuru, hamwe no kugenzura amakuru. Itanga ingufu zizewe, zikora neza kandi zubwenge hagati yimodoka zamashanyarazi na gride yamashanyarazi, kandi nurufunguzo rwumuyoboro wubwikorezi bwubwenge.
Raporo y’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) 2024 ivuga ko umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka woherejwe na EVSE mu Burayi no muri Amerika urenga 30%, kandi ubwenge n’imikoranire byabaye inzira nyamukuru mu nganda. Amakuru aturuka muri Minisiteri y’ingufu muri Amerika yerekana ko umubare w’amashyanyarazi rusange muri Amerika ya Ruguru yarenze 150.000, kandi ibihugu bikomeye by’Uburayi nabyo byihutisha imiterere y’ibikorwa remezo bifite ubwenge.
Ibice byingenzi bigize ibikoresho byamashanyarazi
Igishushanyo mbonera cya EVSE kigena neza umutekano wacyo, ubwizerwe nurwego rwubwenge. Ibice nyamukuru birimo:
Igikonoshwa
Igikonoshwa ni "ingabo" ya EVSE, ubusanzwe ikozwe mubikoresho bikomeye birwanya ruswa (nk'ibyuma bitagira umwanda, aluminiyumu, plastike yubuhanga), hamwe n’amazi adafite amazi, adakoresha umukungugu, kurwanya ingaruka nibindi biranga. Urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurinda (urugero IP54 / IP65) rutuma ibikoresho bikora neza mugihe kirekire hanze no mubidukikije bikabije.
2. Inzira nkuru yubuyobozi
Inzira nyamukuru yumuzunguruko ni "nerv center" ya EVSE, ishinzwe guhindura amashanyarazi, gutunganya ibimenyetso, no kugenzura kwishyuza. Ihuza imbaraga z'amashanyarazi, module yo gupima, imiyoboro yo kurinda umutekano (urugero: birenze urugero, hejuru ya voltage, hamwe no kurinda imiyoboro ngufi), hamwe n'itumanaho kugira ngo harebwe niba uburyo bwo kwishyuza bukora neza kandi butekanye.
3. Firmware
Firmware ni "sisitemu y'imikorere" ya EVSE, yashyizwe mu kibaho kandi ishinzwe kugenzura mu buryo bwumvikana igikoresho, gushyira mu bikorwa protocole yishyuza, kugenzura imiterere no kuzamura kure. Porogaramu nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ishyigikira ibipimo mpuzamahanga bitandukanye (urugero: OCPP, ISO 15118), byorohereza kwaguka nyuma yimikorere no kuzamura ubwenge.
4. Ibyambu n'insinga
Ibyambu n'insinga ni "ikiraro" hagati ya EVSE, EV na gride y'amashanyarazi. Ibyambu byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe ninsinga bigomba kuba bitwara cyane, birinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, birinda kwambara, nibindi, kugirango habeho kwanduza neza imiyoboro minini mugihe kirekire. EVSE zimwe zo murwego rwohejuru nazo zifite ibikoresho byikora byikora kugirango byongere uburambe bwabakoresha nubuzima bwibikoresho.
Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya: Ibyuma na software Imikorere nyamukuru
| Igipimo | Ibyuma (Igikoresho cya EVSE) | Porogaramu (Ubuyobozi & Serivisi ishinzwe) |
|---|---|---|
| Uruhare nyamukuru | Tanga umusaruro utekanye kandi neza | Gushoboza gucunga kure, gusesengura amakuru, no guteganya ubwenge |
| Ibiranga bisanzwe | Kwishyuza module, kurinda module, Imigaragarire ya V2G | Gucunga ibikoresho, gucunga ingufu, kwishura, gusesengura amakuru |
| Inzira ya tekiniki | Imbaraga nyinshi, modularisation, kurinda umutekano | Igicu, amakuru manini, AI, fungura protocole |
| Agaciro k'ubucuruzi | Ibikoresho byiringirwa, bihuza, ubunini | Kugabanya ibiciro no gukora neza, guhanga imishinga yubucuruzi, kunoza uburambe bwabakoresha |
Guhuza umuyoboro: umusingi wubwenge
EVSE igezweho muri rusange ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza imiyoboro, binyuze kuri Ethernet,Wi-Fi, 4G / 5Gnubundi buryo bwigihe-nyacyo cyo guhuza amakuru hamwe nigicu cya sisitemu na sisitemu yo kuyobora. Guhuza imiyoboro yemerera EVSE kugirakurebera kure, gusuzuma amakosa, kuzamura ibikoresho, gahunda y'ubwengen'indi mirimo. Urusobe rwa EVSE ntabwo rutezimbere imikorere ya O&M gusa, ahubwo rutanga urufatiro rwa tekiniki yubucuruzi bushingiye ku bucuruzi (urugero: ibiciro bigenda neza, isesengura ry'ingufu zikoreshwa, isesengura ry'imyitwarire y'abakoresha).
Ubwoko bwa charger: gutandukana kugirango uhuze ibikenewe bitandukanye
EVSE ishyizwe mubwoko butandukanye ukurikije ibisohoka, umuvuduko wo kwishyuza hamwe nibisabwa:
| Andika | Ibyingenzi | Ikoreshwa risanzwe |
|---|---|---|
| Amashanyarazi | Ibisohoka 220V / 380V AC, imbaraga ≤22kW | Urugo, Inyubako zo mu biro, Inzu zicururizwamo |
| DC Amashanyarazi Yihuta | Ibisohoka DC, imbaraga zigera kuri 350kW cyangwa hejuru | Umuhanda munini, Umujyi Wihuta Kwishyuza |
| Amashanyarazi | Koresha amashanyarazi ya electronique, nta mpamvu yo gucomeka cyangwa gucomeka insinga | Inzu yohejuru-yo guturamo, Ahantu haparika ahazaza |
Kwishyuza AC:bikwiranye na parikingi ndende, kwishyuza buhoro, ibikoresho bike, bikwiranye murugo nu biro.
DC kwishyuza byihuse:ibereye kwishyurwa byihuse ahantu hasabwa, umuvuduko wo kwishyuza byihuse, ubereye ahantu rusange hamwe no mumijyi.
Amashanyarazi adafite insinga:tekinoroji igaragara, kuzamura abakoresha, amahirwe menshi yo kwiteza imbere.
Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya: Amashanyarazi ya AC na DC
| Ingingo | Amashanyarazi | DC Amashanyarazi Yihuta |
|---|---|---|
| Ibisohoka Ibiriho | AC | DC |
| Urwego rwimbaraga | 3.5-22kW | 30-350kW |
| Kwishyuza Umuvuduko | Buhoro | Byihuta |
| Gusaba | Urugo, Inyubako zo mu biro, Inzu zicururizwamo | Kwishyuza Byihuse rusange, Umuhanda |
| Igiciro cyo Kwinjiza | Hasi | Hejuru |
| Ibiranga ubwenge | Ibikorwa Byibanze Byubwenge Bishyigikiwe | Gutezimbere Ubuhanga Bwiza na kure Bishyigikiwe |
Ibyambu n'insinga: Ingwate y'umutekano no guhuza
Muri sisitemu yo gutanga ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi (EVSE), ibyambu n'insinga ntabwo ari umuyoboro w'ingufu z'amashanyarazi gusa - ni ibintu by'ingenzi byemeza umutekano wibikorwa byo kwishyuza no guhuza ibikoresho. Ibihugu n'uturere dutandukanye bifata ibipimo bitandukanye byicyambu, hamwe nubwoko busanzwe burimoUbwoko bwa 1 (SAE J1772, ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri Amerika ya ruguru),Ubwoko bwa 2(IEC 62196, yemewe cyane mu Burayi), naGB / T.(urwego rw'igihugu mu Bushinwa). Guhitamo icyambu gikwiye bituma EVSE ishobora guhuzwa nubwoko butandukanye bwimodoka, bityo bikazamura uburambe bwabakoresha no kwagura isoko.
Intsinga nziza yo kwishyuza igomba kuba ifite ibintu byinshi byingenzi biranga imikorere.
Ubwa mbere, kurwanya ubushyuhe byemeza ko umugozi ushobora kwihanganira ibikorwa bimara igihe kinini bitagabanije cyangwa ngo byangiritse.
Icya kabiri, uburyo bwiza bwo guhinduka no kugoreka byemerera umugozi kuguma uramba kandi wizewe na nyuma yo gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi.
Byongeye kandi, kurwanya amazi n’umukungugu ni ngombwa kugirango uhangane n’ibidukikije bikaze byo hanze, byongerera igihe ubuzima bwa serivisi ibikoresho. Ibicuruzwa bimwe byateye imbere bya EVSE bifite tekinoroji yo kumenyekanisha ubwenge, ishobora guhita imenya ubwoko bwimodoka ihujwe kandi igahindura ibipimo byishyurwa bikurikije.
Muri icyo gihe, ibikorwa byo gufunga byikora bifasha kwirinda guhanagura impanuka cyangwa mbi, kuzamura cyane umutekano wo kwishyuza hamwe nubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubujura. Guhitamo ibyambu ninsinga bifite umutekano, bihuza cyane, kandi byubwenge nibyingenzi mukubaka umuyoboro mwiza kandi wizewe.
Ubwoko bwihuza: ibipimo byisi yose
Ihuza ni intera igaragara hagati ya EVSE nimodoka yamashanyarazi. Ubwoko nyamukuru ni:
Ubwoko bwa 1 (SAE J1772): nyamukuru muri Amerika ya ruguru, kugirango yishyure icyiciro kimwe.
Ubwoko bwa 2 (IEC 62196): Inzira nyamukuru i Burayi, ishyigikira icyiciro kimwe nicyiciro cya gatatu AC.
CCS (Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza): bihujwe na AC na DC kwishyuza byihuse, inzira nyamukuru muburayi no muri Amerika.
CHAdeMO:Ubuyapani bwibanze, bwagenewe DC kwishyuza byihuse.
GB / T:Igipimo cy’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa, gikubiyemo kwishyuza AC na DC.
Icyerekezo cyisi yose igana guhuza byinshi-hamwe no kwishyuza byihuse. Guhitamo EVSE ihuza bifasha kunoza isoko hamwe nuburambe bwabakoresha.
Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya: Ibipimo byingenzi bihuza
| Bisanzwe | Akarere gakoreshwa | Bishyigikiwe Ubwoko Bwubu | Urwego rwimbaraga | Ubwoko bwibinyabiziga bihuye |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andika 1 | Amerika y'Amajyaruguru | AC | ≤19.2kW | Abanyamerika, Abayapani |
| Ubwoko bwa 2 | Uburayi | AC | ≤43kW | Abanyaburayi, Abashinwa |
| CCS | Uburayi & Amerika y'Amajyaruguru | AC / DC | 50350kW | Ibirango byinshi |
| CHAdeMO | Ubuyapani, Uburayi Bumwe & NA | DC | ≤62.5kW | Ikiyapani, Bamwe mu Banyaburayi |
| GB / T. | Ubushinwa | AC / DC | 50250kW | Igishinwa |
Ibiranga Ibisanzwe Byishyurwa: Ubwenge, Gukoresha Data-Gukora, no Gushoboza Ubucuruzi
EVSE zigezweho ntabwo "ibikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi" gusa ahubwo ni ubwenge bwubwenge. Ibyingenzi byingenzi biranga:
• Kwishyuza neza:Shyigikira uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyuza (mugihe, ukoresheje ingufu zikoreshwa, ibiciro bigenda neza), byorohereza ibikorwa byubucuruzi.
Gukurikirana kure:Gukurikirana-igihe nyacyo cyibikoresho, hamwe ninkunga yo gupima amakosa kure no kuyitaho.
• Amafaranga ateganijwe kwishyurwa:Abakoresha barashobora kubika umwanya wo kwishyuza ukoresheje porogaramu cyangwa urubuga, kunoza imikoreshereze yumutungo.
• Gucunga imizigo:Mu buryo bwikora uhindura imbaraga zumuriro ushingiye kumurongo wa gride kugirango wirinde guhangayikishwa cyane.
• Gukusanya amakuru no gusesengura:Andika amakuru yishyuza, ashyigikira imibare ikoreshwa ningufu, kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, hamwe nisesengura ryimyitwarire y'abakoresha.
• Kuvugurura kure ya Firmware:Gutanga ibintu bishya hamwe numutekano wumutekano kumurongo kugirango ibikoresho bigezweho.
• Ubuyobozi bukoresha benshi:Shyigikira konti nyinshi hamwe ninzego zemewe, byorohereza imiyoborere yoroshye kubakiriya.
• Serivisi zongerewe agaciro Serivisi:Nkogutanga kwamamaza, gucunga abanyamuryango, no gukoresha ingufu.
Ibizaza
V2G (Imodoka-Kuri-Imikoranire):Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora guhindura ingufu za gride, bikamenya inzira zibiri zingufu.
Amashanyarazi adafite insinga:Itezimbere ibyoroshye kandi irakwiriye murwego rwohejuru rwo guturamo hamwe nigihe kizaza cyo gutwara ibinyabiziga.
Kwishyuza Parikingi Yikora:Ufatanije no gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga, menya uburambe bwo kwishyuza abantu.
Icyatsi kibisi:Kwinjiza cyane hamwe ningufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkizuba ryumuyaga n umuyaga kugirango uteze imbere ubwikorezi buke bwa karubone.
Ibibazo
1.Ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi (EVSE) ni iki?
2.Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi bigize EVSE?
Harimo uruzitiro, ikibaho nyamukuru cyumuzunguruko, ibyuma byubaka, ibyambu, ninsinga. Buri gice kigira ingaruka kumutekano nubwenge bwibikoresho.
3.Ni gute EVSE igera ku buyobozi bwubwenge?
Binyuze kumurongo, guhuza kure, gusesengura amakuru, no kwishyuza ubwenge, EVSE ituma imiyoborere ikora neza kandi yubwenge.
4.Ni ubuhe buryo bukuru bwa EVSE ihuza ibipimo?
Harimo Ubwoko 1, Ubwoko 2, CCS, CHAdeMO, na GB / T. Ibipimo bitandukanye birakwiriye kumasoko atandukanye hamwe nuburyo bwimodoka.
5.Ni izihe nzira zizaza mu nganda za EVSE?
Ubwenge, imikoranire, iterambere ryicyatsi na karuboni nkeya, hamwe nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bushya bizahinduka inzira nyamukuru, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya nka V2G hamwe nogukoresha amashanyarazi bikomeje kugaragara.
Inkomoko zemewe:
Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika yishyuza Raporo y'Ibikorwa Remezo
Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibinyabiziga by’iburayi (ACEA)
Ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Amerika
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-22-2025