I. Impinduramatwara igenga FERC 2222 & V2G
Komisiyo ishinzwe kugenzura ingufu za Leta (FERC) Iteka 2222, ryashyizweho mu 2020, ryahinduye umutungo w’ingufu zagabanijwe (DER) ku masoko y’amashanyarazi. Iri tegeko ngenderwaho ritegeka amashyirahamwe yohereza uturere (RTOs) hamwe n’abakora sisitemu yigenga (ISOs) guha isoko isoko ry’abaterankunga ba DER, kwinjiza mu buryo bwa tekinoloji ya Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) muri sisitemu yo gucuruza amashanyarazi ku nshuro ya mbere.
- Nk’uko imibare ya PJM ihuza amakuru, abaterankunga ba V2G binjije amadolari 32 / MWh muri serivisi ishinzwe kugenzura imirongo mu 2024, bingana na 18% hejuru y’umutungo usanzwe. Ibyingenzi byingenzi byagezweho harimo:Ubushobozi bwakuweho: Ingano ntarengwa yo kwitabira yagabanutse kuva kuri 2MW igera kuri 100kW (ikoreshwa kuri 80% ya cluster ya V2G)
- Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka: Emerera uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza / gusohora ingamba zitandukanye
- Kwiyandikisha Indangamuntu ebyiri: EV irashobora kwiyandikisha nkumutwaro hamwe nubutunzi bwibisekuruza
II. Ibice byingenzi bigize igabanywa rya V2G
1. Amafaranga yinjira muri serivisi yisoko
• Amabwiriza ya Frequency (FRM): Konti zingana na 55-70% byinjiza V2G yose, bisaba ± 0.015Hz neza neza mumasoko ya CAISO
• Inguzanyo zubushobozi: NYISO yishyura $ 45 / kWt-mwaka kugirango V2G iboneke
• Ubukemurampaka bw'ingufu: Koresha igihe-cyo gukoresha ibiciro bitandukanye ($ 0.28 / kWh impinga-ikibaya ikwirakwizwa muri PJM 2024)
2. Uburyo bwo kugabura ibiciro
3. Ibikoresho byo gucunga ibyago
• Uburenganzira bwo kohereza amafaranga (FTRs): Gufunga amafaranga yinjira
• Ibikomoka ku kirere: Guhindura imikorere ya bateri mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije
• Guhagarika amasezerano yubwenge: Gushoboza igihe nyacyo mumasoko ya ERCOT
III. Kugereranya Isesengura Ryerekana Amafaranga yinjira
Icyitegererezo 1: Gutandukanya neza
• Icyerekezo: Abitangira / abakoresha amato
• Inyigo: Koresha amashanyarazi muri Amerika & Amazone (85/15 ukora / nyirayo gutandukana)
• Imipaka: Ntiyumva ihindagurika ryibiciro ku isoko
Icyitegererezo cya 2: Kugabana imbaraga
• Inzira:
Amafaranga yinjira nyirayo = α × Igiciro cyibibanza + β × Kwishura ubushobozi - γ Cost Igiciro cyo gutesha agaciro (α = 0,65, β = 0.3, γ = 0,05 ugereranije inganda)• Ibyiza: Bisabwa kuri gahunda ya NEVI inkunga ya reta
Icyitegererezo cya 3: Icyitegererezo gishingiye ku buringanire
• Udushya:
• Ford Pro Kwishyuza itanga ibyemezo byinjira
• 0.0015% umushinga uhwanye na MWh yinjira
IV. Ibibazo byubahirizwa & Ibisubizo
1. Ibisabwa mu mucyo
• Igihe nyacyo cya telemetrie cyujuje ubuziranenge bwa NERC CIP-014 (sampling ≥0.2Hz)
• Kugenzura inzira ukoresheje FERC-717 yemewe yo gukemura ibibazo
2. Kwirinda gucunga isoko
• Kurwanya gukaraba algorithms zerekana uburyo budasanzwe
• Umwanya wa 200MW ntarengwa kuri agregateur muri NYISO
3. Ibyingenzi byamasezerano yukoresha
• Ibyemezo bya bateri bitemewe (> 300 cycle yumwaka)
• Uburenganzira bwo gusezerera itegeko mugihe cyihutirwa (kubahiriza leta yihariye)
V. Inyigo Yerekeye Inganda
Ikiburanwa 1: Umushinga w'akarere ka Californiya
• Iboneza: bisi z'amashanyarazi 50 (Intare y'amashanyarazi) ifite ububiko bwa 6MWh
• Inzira yinjira:
ο 82% amabwiriza ya CAISO
ο 13% SGIP ishigikira
ο 5% byamafaranga yo kuzigama
• Gutandukanya: 70% by'akarere / 30% ukora
Ikiburanwa cya 2: Tesla Virtual Power Plant 3.0
• Udushya:
ο Igiteranyo cya bateri ya Powerwall & EV
ο Kubika neza imbaraga (7: 3 urugo / ikinyabiziga)
ο 2024 Imikorere: $ 1,280 yumwaka / umukoresha yinjiza
VI. Ibizaza & Ibiteganijwe
Ubwihindurize:
SAE J3072 kuzamura (500kW + kwishyuza byerekezo)
IEEE 1547-2028 protocole yo guhagarika protocole
Guhanga udushya mu bucuruzi:
Igabanywa rishingiye ku bwishingizi bugabanywa (Iterambere ry'indege)
Gukoresha karubone (0.15t CO2e / MWh munsi ya WCI)
Iterambere rigenga amategeko:
FERC yashinzwe na V2G yo gutuza (2026 iteganijwe)
NERC PRC-026-3 urwego rwumutekano wa cyber
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-12-2025