Mugihe isi yose ihinduka mubukungu buke bwa karubone ningufu zicyatsi byihuta, leta kwisi yose ziteza imbere ikoreshwa ryikoranabuhanga rishya rishobora kongera ingufu. Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi n’ibindi bikorwa, byagaragaye ko hari impungenge z’imipaka y’umuriro gakondo w’amashanyarazi mu bijyanye n’ingaruka ku bidukikije ndetse n’itangwa ry’amashanyarazi. Muguhuza tekinoroji ya microgrid ishobora kuvugururwa muri sisitemu yo kwishyuza, ntibishobora kugabanuka gusa ku bicanwa biva mu bicanwa, ariko kandi birashobora kwihanganira imbaraga n’imikorere ya sisitemu yose y’ingufu. Uru rupapuro rugaragaza uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza inyandiko zishyurwa hamwe na microgrid zishobora kuvugururwa muburyo butandukanye: kwishyira hamwe kwishyurwa murugo, kuzamura tekinoroji ya sitasiyo ya leta, gukoresha ubundi buryo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ingufu, inkunga ya gride ningamba zo kugabanya ingaruka, hamwe nubufatanye bwinganda zikoranabuhanga rizaza.
Kwinjiza Ingufu Zisubirwamo mu Kwishyuza Urugo
Hamwe no kuzamuka kwimodoka zamashanyarazi (EV),Kwishyuza urugoyahindutse igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwabakoresha. Nyamara, kwishyuza amazu gakondo akenshi bishingiye kumashanyarazi ya gride, akenshi arimo amasoko ya peteroli, bikagabanya inyungu zibidukikije za EV. Kugirango inzu yishyurwe irambye, abayikoresha barashobora kwinjiza ingufu zishobora kubaho muri sisitemu zabo. Kurugero, gushiraho imirasire yizuba cyangwa umuyaga muto wumuyaga murugo birashobora gutanga ingufu zisukuye mugihe cyo kugabanya kwishingikiriza kumashanyarazi asanzwe. Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) kibitangaza ngo amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ku isi yiyongereyeho 22% mu 2022, agaragaza iterambere ryihuse ry’ingufu zishobora kubaho.
Kugabanya ibiciro no kumenyekanisha ubu buryo, abakoresha barashishikarizwa gufatanya nababikora kubikoresho bifatanye hamwe no kugabanya ibicuruzwa. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Laboratwari y’Amerika ishinzwe ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (NREL) bugaragaza ko gukoresha imirasire y'izuba yo mu rugo mu kwishyuza EV bishobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere 30% -50%, bitewe n’ingufu za gride zaho. Byongeye kandi, imirasire y'izuba irashobora kubika ingufu zirenga kumanywa kugirango zishyurwe nijoro, byongere ingufu zingufu. Ubu buryo ntabwo bugabanya ikoreshwa rya peteroli gusa ahubwo binakiza abakoresha amafaranga yigihe kirekire cyamashanyarazi.
Kuzamura Ikoranabuhanga kuri Sitasiyo Yishyuza rusange
Sitasiyo yo kwishyuza rusangeni ingenzi kubakoresha EV, kandi ubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga bugira ingaruka muburyo bwo kwishyuza hamwe nibidukikije. Kugirango uzamure imikorere, birasabwa ko sitasiyo zizamurwa mubyiciro bitatu byamashanyarazi kugirango bishyigikire tekinoroji yihuta. Ukurikije ingufu z’ibihugu by’i Burayi, sisitemu y'ibyiciro bitatu itanga ingufu zisumba iz'icyiciro kimwe, kugabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza kugeza munsi yiminota 30, bizamura cyane abakoresha. Ariko, kuzamura gride yonyine ntabwo bihagije kugirango birambye - ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nibisubizo byububiko bigomba gutangizwa.
Imirasire y'izuba n'umuyaga nibyiza kuri sitasiyo rusange. Gushyira imirasire yizuba hejuru yinzu ya sitasiyo cyangwa gushyira umuyaga wumuyaga hafi birashobora gutanga ingufu zisukuye. Ongeramo bateri zibika ingufu zituma ingufu zirenga kumanywa zibikwa nijoro cyangwa amasaha yo gukoresha. BloombergNEF itangaza ko ibiciro bya batiri yo kubika ingufu byagabanutse hafi 90% mu myaka icumi ishize, ubu bikaba munsi y’amadolari 150 ku isaha ya kilowatt, bigatuma uburyo bunini bwoherezwa mu bukungu bushoboka. Muri Californiya, sitasiyo zimwe na zimwe zafashe ubu buryo, zigabanya gushingira kuri gride ndetse no gushyigikira gride mugihe gikenewe cyane, kugera kungufu zombi.
Gutandukanya Ubundi buryo bukoreshwa
Kurenga izuba n'umuyaga, kwishyuza EV birashobora gukoreshwa mubindi bikoresho bitanga ingufu kugirango bikemure ibintu bitandukanye. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli, uburyo bwa karubone butagira aho bubogamiye bukomoka ku bimera cyangwa imyanda kama, bikwiranye na sitasiyo ikenera ingufu nyinshi. Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika yerekana ko ibinyabuzima bikomoka ku binyabuzima byangiza imyuka ya karubone biri munsi ya 50% ugereranije n’ibicanwa by’ibinyabuzima, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikuze. Micro-hydropower ihuza uturere hafi yinzuzi cyangwa imigezi; nubwo ari ntoya, itanga imbaraga zihamye kuri sitasiyo nto.
Amavuta ya hydrogène, tekinoroji ya zeru-zero, arimo kwiyongera. Zibyara amashanyarazi binyuze muri hydrogène-ogisijeni ikora, igera kuri 60% ikora neza - irenga kure 25% -30% ya moteri gakondo. Inama mpuzamahanga y’ingufu za hydrogène ivuga ko, usibye kuba ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, hydrogène y’amavuta ya lisansi yihuta cyane bikwiranye na EV ziremereye cyane cyangwa sitasiyo nyinshi. Imishinga y’icyitegererezo y’iburayi yashyize hydrogene muri sitasiyo zishyuza, byerekana ubushobozi bwayo mu kuvanga ingufu zizaza. Uburyo butandukanye bwingufu zituma inganda zihuza n’imihindagurikire y’imiterere n’ikirere.
Kwiyongera kwa Gride hamwe ningamba zo kugabanya ingaruka
Mu turere dufite ubushobozi buke bwa gride cyangwa ibyago byinshi byirabura, kwishingikiriza kuri gride birashobora guhungabana. Sisitemu ya grid na sisitemu yo kubika itanga inyongera zingirakamaro. Gushira hanze ya gride, ikoreshwa nizuba ryumuyaga cyangwa umuyaga wihariye, byemeza ko bikomeza kwishyurwa mugihe cyabuze. Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika yerekana ko uburyo bwo kubika ingufu nyinshi bushobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa na gride ku gipimo cya 20% -30% mu gihe bizamura isoko.
Inkunga ya leta ihujwe n’ishoramari ryigenga ni urufunguzo rwiyi ngamba. Kurugero, inguzanyo z’imisoro muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zitanga amafaranga agera kuri 30% yo kugabanura ibiciro byo kubika no kuvugurura imishinga, byorohereza imitwaro yambere yishoramari. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo kubika irashobora guhindura ibiciro mukubika ingufu mugihe ibiciro biri hasi no kubirekura mugihe cyo hejuru. Ubu buryo bwubwenge bwo gucunga neza bushimangira kwihangana kandi butanga inyungu zubukungu kubikorwa byigihe kirekire.
Ubufatanye bw'inganda hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rizaza
Kwishyira hamwe kwishyuza hamwe na microgrid zishobora kuvugururwa bisaba ibirenze guhanga udushya-ubufatanye bwinganda ni ngombwa. Amasosiyete yishyuza agomba gufatanya nabatanga ingufu, abakora ibikoresho, ninzego zubushakashatsi kugirango bategure ibisubizo bigezweho. Sisitemu yo kuvanga umuyaga-izuba, ikoresha imiterere yuzuzanya yamasoko yombi, yemeza imbaraga zamasaha yose. Umushinga "Horizon 2020" wiburayi urabigaragaza, uhuza umuyaga, izuba, nububiko muri microgrid ikora neza kuri sitasiyo.
Tekinoroji ya gride ya tekinoroji itanga ubundi bushobozi. Mugukurikirana no gusesengura amakuru mugihe nyacyo, itezimbere gukwirakwiza ingufu hagati ya sitasiyo na gride. Abapilote bo muri Amerika berekana imiyoboro yubwenge irashobora kugabanya imyanda yingufu 15% -20% mugihe bizamura imikorere ya sitasiyo. Ubu bufatanye niterambere ryikoranabuhanga byongera irushanwa rirambye kandi bitezimbere ubunararibonye bwabakoresha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2025