Mugihe imijyi yisi yose yihuta kandi ibidukikije bikenera kwiyongera,bisi za kominebarimo kwihuta cyane mumashanyarazi. Ariko, intera nigihe cyo kwishyuza bisi zamashanyarazi zimaze igihe ari ingorabahizi.Kwishyuza amahirweitanga igisubizo gishya mugushoboza kwishyurwa byihuse mugihe gito cyo guhagarara - nko kumuhanda wanyuma cyangwa kuri sitasiyo nkuru - kwagura intera no kugabanya kwishingikiriza kuri bateri nini. Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) kibitangazaIsi yose ya Outlook 2023, Kwishyuza hejuruni tekinoroji yingenzi yo kuzamura imikorere yimijyi. Ntabwo itezimbere ibikorwa gusa ahubwo inayobora ubwikorezi rusange.
Bitandukanye no kwishyuza gakondo nijoro, bisaba bateri nini zongera ibiciro kandi zigabanya guhinduka,Kwishyuzaikoresha kenshi, bigufi biturika byingufu kugirango bigumane bito, byinshi byubukungu bikora umunsi wose. Ubu buryo buragenda bwiyongera mu mijyi yo mu Burayi no muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, nko muri Suwede, Ubwongereza, n'Ubudage.
1. Incamake yuburyo bwo Kwishyuza Amahirwe
Ku mutima waKwishyurwa kenshiniTekinoroji yo kwishyuza byihuse. Ikoresha ibikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi kugirango itange ingufu nyinshi muri bateri za bisi mugihe gito. Uburyo busanzwe burimo:
• Amashanyarazi yihuta: Uhereye kuri 50 kW kugeza kuri 350 kW, ibi birashobora kwishyuza bisi muminota 10-15, nibyiza guhagarara umwanya muto.
Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza Pantografi: Ihuza ryikora hagati yinzu ya bisi nibikorwa remezo bya sitasiyo, bikoreshwa cyane muburayi.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru BloombergNEF kibitangazaRaporo y'Ibikorwa Remezo Amashanyarazi, sisitemu zo gutambutsa imijyi zirenga 5.000 kwisi yoseKwishyuza vubaguhera mu 2023, hamwe n'Uburayi na Amerika ya Ruguru biyoboye inzira.
2. Ingamba zo Gushyira mu bikorwa Amahirwe yo Kwishyuza
Gushyira mu bikorwa nezaKwishyuzabisaba gutegura neza. Ingamba zingenzi zirimo:
• Kwishyuza Sitasiyo: Shyira imbere inzira zanyuma, ihuriro rikuru, cyangwa guhagarara hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gutura. Sitasiyo nini cyane igabanya amasaha yinyongera.
• Kwishyuza igihe: Koresha gahunda yubwenge kugirango uhuze kwishyuza nibikorwa bikenewe, wirinde gutinda.
• Kwishyira hamwe kw'Ibikorwa Remezo: Huza sitasiyo yo kwishyuza kuri gride na sisitemu yo gutwara abantu (ITS) kugirango imbaraga zihamye no gukurikirana kure.
Igishushanyo mbonera: Shyiramo ibikorwa remezo binini kugirango uhindure ubushobozi uko amato akura.
I Gothenburg, muri Suwede, sitasiyo zishyuza buri kilometero 5 zagabanije ingano ya batiri ikenera 40%, bigatuma imikorere ihinduka - icyitegererezo ku yindi mijyi.
3. Inyungu zubukungu n’ibidukikije
Kwishyurwa kenshiitanga ibyiza byingenzi:
• Ibiciro bya Batiri yo hasi: Batteri ntoya igabanya amafaranga yo gutanga amasoko kugera kuri 30%, muri Laboratoire y’ingufu z’amerika muri Amerika (NREL).
• Kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere: Bisi z'amashanyarazi zimaze kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya, kandiKwishyuza rimwe na rimweitezimbere gukoresha ingufu kurushaho. Ikigo cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi gishinzwe ibidukikije (EEA) kivuga ko bisi z’amashanyarazi zifite imyuka y’ubuzima ya 50% munsi ya mazutu.
Imikorere ya Gride: Kwishyuza neza mugihe cyamasaha yo hejuru bigabanya ibiciro kandi byorohereza gride.
Byongeye kandi, bateri ntoya yihanganira kwambara gake kuva gusohora cyane, kwongerera igihe no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.
4. Inyigo: Kwishyuza Amahirwe i Londere na Berlin
Sisitemu yo gutambuka i Londres
TfL ya Londres, imwe mu miyoboro minini y’Uburayi, ikoreshaKwishyuza igihemu nzira nyinshi:
• Ikoranabuhanga: Sisitemu ya Pantografi ituma kwishyurwa byihuse ahagarara.
• Ibisubizo: 80% yishyuza muminota 15, kwagura intera irenga km 100 no kuzamura imikorere 20%.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije: Umushinga ugabanya imyuka ya karuboni toni 7,000 buri mwaka, kuzamura ikirere.
Ihuriro rya Smart Grid Kwishyira hamwe
Sisitemu yo gutambutsa Berlin ifatanya ningirakamaro kugirango bahuzeKwishyuza amahirwehamwe na gride yubwenge:
• Kwegera: Amashanyarazi yihuta ahahagarara, ahujwe nububiko bwingufu kugirango aringanize umutwaro wa gride.
• Ibisubizo: Imiyoboro ya gride yagabanutseho 30%, naho ibikorwa byo gukora byagabanutseho 15% kubera kwishyurwa hejuru.
• Isomo: Ubufatanye bwinzego nurufunguzo rwo gutsinda.
5. Inzitizi nigisubizo muburyo bwo kwishyuza amahirwe
Nubwo inyungu zayo, ibibazo biracyafite:
• Ibiciro Remezo Byinshi: Kubaka sitasiyo zifite ingufu nyinshi no kuzamura gride bihenze.
• Imiyoboro Yumutwaro: Kwishyuza icyarimwe birashobora gukurura gride yaho.
• Ibibazo byo guhuza: Gutandukanya moderi za bisi nibisanzwe bigorana.
• Inzitizi zo mu kirere: Kubona ahantu heza mumijyi yuzuye biragoye.
Ibisubizo birimo:
• Inkunga ya Politiki: Inkunga ya leta cyangwa inguzanyo zicyatsi zo gutera inkunga.
Tekinoroji ya Smart Grid: Saba igisubizo hamwe nububiko bwingufu kugirango uhuze imitwaro.
• Ibipimo ngenderwaho: Porotokole ihuriweho hamwe kugirango ihuze.
• Kohereza byoroshye: Amashanyarazi ya mobile cyangwa yegeranye kubice bigarukira.
6. Ihuza ry'imbaraga: Ibisubizo by'impuguke zo kwishyuza amato
Nkabayobozi mugutanga amashanyarazi rusange, dutanga ubudasanzwekwishyuza amahirweibisubizo byabisi ya komineamato. Imbaraga zacu zirimo:
• Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho: Kuva hasi kugeza hejuru-imbaraga-zihuta zihuta na sisitemu ya pantografi.
• Ihuriro ryo gucunga neza ubwenge: Igicu gishingiye kuri gahunda, kugenzura, no gusesengura.
• Inkunga yuzuye ya serivisi: Kuva muri gahunda kugeza kubungabunga, turemeza ko ishyirwa mubikorwa.
• Ibishushanyo byihariye: Ibisubizo bikwiranye nubunini bwumujyi, inzira, nibikenewe mumato.
Haba kubaderevu bato cyangwa imiyoboro minini, dutanga inkunga yizewe kubikorwa byicyatsi, neza.
Tangira Urugendo rwawe Kubikorwa Byiza, Icyatsi cya Komini
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gashyantare-27-2025