Mugihe cyegereje umwaka wa 2023, Tesla ya 10,000 ya Supercharger yo ku mugabane w’Ubushinwa yatuye munsi y’isaro rya Pearl yo mu burasirazuba bwa Shanghai, ibi bikaba ari icyiciro gishya mu muyoboro wacyo wo kwishyuza.
Mu myaka ibiri ishize, umubare w’amashanyarazi ya EV mu Bushinwa wagaragaje ubwiyongere bukabije. Amakuru rusange yerekana ko muri Nzeri 2022, umubare w’amashanyarazi ya EV mu gihugu hose wari umaze kugera kuri 4.488.000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 101.9%.
Mu iyubakwa rya charger ya EV yuzuye, turashobora kubona sitasiyo yumuriro wa Tesla ishobora gukora igihe kirenze igice cyumunsi nyuma yo kwishyuza muminota 10. Twabonye kandi sitasiyo ya NIO ihindura amashanyarazi, yihuta nka lisansi. Ariko, usibye ko uburambe bwite bwabakoresha bugenda burushaho kuba bwiza umunsi ku munsi, dusa nkaho tutitaye cyane kubibazo bijyanye ninganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ya EV hamwe nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyacyo.
Twaganiriye ninzobere mu nganda zo mu bwoko bwa EV charger kandi twiga tunasobanura iterambere rigezweho ry’uruganda rukora imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihugu ndetse n’uyihagarariye mu masosiyete yo mu mahanga ndetse no mu nsi yo hasi, hanyuma turasesengura tunateganya amahirwe mashya yo kuzamuka kw’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihugu ku isi dushingiye ku bijyanye n’inganda n’ubushobozi buzaza.
Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ziragoye kubona amafaranga, kandi Huawei ntabwo yakoranye na Grid ya Leta
Mu nama y’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi umunsi umwe ejobundi, twaganiriye ninzobere mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ku bijyanye n’ingero zunguka muri iki gihe cy’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi, icyitegererezo cy’imashanyarazi ya EV hamwe n’imiterere yiterambere rya moderi ya charger, igice cyingenzi cy’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Q1: Ni ubuhe buryo bw'inyungu bw'abakoresha amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi muri iki gihe?
A1: Mubyukuri, biragoye kubakoresha imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi murugo kugirango babone inyungu, ariko twese twemeranya ko hariho uburyo bukwiye bwo gukora: nk'ahantu hakorerwa sitasiyo ya lisansi, barashobora gutanga ibiribwa n'imyidagaduro hafi ya sitasiyo yishyuza, kandi bagatanga serivisi zigamije ukurikije ibyo abakoresha bishyuza. Barashobora kandi kuvugana nubucuruzi kugirango babone amafaranga yo kwamamaza.
Nyamara, gutanga serivisi nkibice bya serivisi bya sitasiyo ya lisansi bisaba ibikoresho byabakozi hamwe nabakozi bifitanye isano, ninkunga nini kubakoresha, bigatuma ishyirwa mubikorwa rigoye. Kubwibyo, uburyo nyamukuru bwinyungu buracyari amafaranga yinjiza avuye kwishyuza serivisi hamwe ninkunga, mugihe bamwe mubakora nabo babona amanota mashya.
Q2: Ku nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi, amasosiyete nka PetroChina na Sinopec, asanzwe afite sitasiyo nyinshi, azagira ibyiza byo gukoreramo?
A2: Nta gushidikanya kuri byo. Mubyukuri, CNPC na Sinopec zimaze kugira uruhare mu iyubakwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi, kandi inyungu zabo zikomeye ni uko bafite ubutaka buhagije mu mujyi.
Urugero, i Shenzhen, kubera ko muri Shenzhen hari imodoka nyinshi zifite amashanyarazi meza, ubwiza bw’inyungu z’abakora ibikorwa by’ibanze buracyari hejuru cyane, ariko nyuma y’iterambere ry’iterambere, hazabaho ikibazo cy’uko hari ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibura ry’ubutaka bwo hanze buhendutse, kandi ibiciro by’ubutaka bwo mu nzu bikaba bihenze cyane, bikomeza kugabanuka ku mashanyarazi akomeje kugwa.
Mubyukuri, imijyi yose mugihe kizaza izaba ifite iterambere ryiterambere nka Shenzhen, aho inyungu za mbere ari nziza, ariko nyuma ikangwa kubera igiciro cyubutaka. Ariko CNPC na Sinopec bifite ibyiza karemano, kuburyo kubakoresha, CNPC na Sinopec bahanganye nibyiza bisanzwe mubihe biri imbere.
Q3: Ni ubuhe buryo bwiterambere bwimodoka yo mumashanyarazi yimbere yimbere?
A. Impamvu nuko modoka yumuriro wamashanyarazi, nkibintu byingenzi bigize epfo na ruguru, ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa tekiniki kandi igenda yiharira buhoro buhoro ibigo bike bikuru mu iterambere.
Kandi mubigo bizwi mubigo, imbaraga hamwe nikoranabuhanga, Huawei ninziza mubakora amashanyarazi yose yimashanyarazi. Nyamara, amashanyarazi ya Huawei yamashanyarazi hamwe nuburinganire bwa gride yigihugu biratandukanye, kubwibyo rero nta bufatanye na gride yigihugu kugeza ubu.
Usibye Huawei, Kwiyongera, Infypower na Tonhe Electronics Technologies nibyo bitanga isoko mubushinwa. Umugabane munini ku isoko ni Infypower, isoko nyamukuru iri hanze yurusobe, hari inyungu runaka yibiciro, mugihe Tonhe Electronics Technologies ifite umugabane munini cyane murusobe, igenda yerekana amarushanwa ya oligarchic.
Hejuru yimbere ya EV charger yinganda zireba module yo kwishyuza, naho hagati ireba uyikora
Kugeza ubu, urwego rwo hejuru rwinganda za EV charger kumodoka nshya yingufu nugukora ibice nibikoresho bikenerwa mukubaka no gukoresha amashanyarazi ya EV. Hagati yinganda, ni abashinzwe kwishyuza. Abitabiriye ibintu bitandukanye byo kwishyuza muburyo bwo munsi yinganda zinganda ni abakoresha cyane ibinyabiziga bishya bitandukanye.
Murwego rwo hejuru rwinganda zimodoka ya charger yimodoka, kwishyuza module niyo sano ihuza kandi ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa tekiniki.
Dukurikije imibare yamakuru ya Zhiyan, ikiguzi cyibikoresho byuma bya charger ya EV nicyo giciro nyamukuru cya charger ya EV, kikaba kirenga 90%. Module yo kwishyiriraho ni ishingiro ryibikoresho byuma bikoresho bya EV charger, bingana na 50% yikiguzi cyibikoresho byuma bya EV charger.
Kwishyuza module ntabwo bitanga ingufu namashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo ikora no guhindura AC-DC, kongera imbaraga za DC no kwigunga, bigena imikorere nubushobozi bwa charger ya EV, kandi birashobora kuvugwa ko ari "umutima" wumuriro wa EV, hamwe nubuhanga buhanitse, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi riri mumaboko yinganda nkeya muruganda.
Kugeza ubu, abakora ibintu byingenzi bishyuza module ku isoko ni Infypower, Kwiyongera, Huawei, Vertiv, UUGreenPower Electrical, Shenzhen Sinexcel Electric hamwe nandi masosiyete akomeye, batwaye ibice birenga 90% byoherejwe mu mahanga byoherejwe mu gihugu.
Hagati yimodoka yimodoka ya charger yinganda, hariho uburyo butatu bwubucuruzi: moderi iyobowe nabakoresha, imishinga-yimodoka iyobowe nicyiciro cya gatatu cyogutanga serivisi.
Icyitegererezo kiyobowe nabakoresha nicyitegererezo cyo gucunga ibikorwa aho uyobora yigenga yigenga gushora ishoramari, kubaka no gukora no gufata neza imishinga ya char charger kandi itanga serivisi zo kwishyuza kubakoresha.
Muri ubu buryo, abashinzwe kwishyuza bahuza cyane umutungo wo hejuru nu munsi wurwego rwinganda kandi bakagira uruhare mubushakashatsi niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji nogukora ibikoresho. Mubyiciro byambere, bakeneye gushora imari nini kurubuga, charger ya EV nibindi bikorwa remezo. Nibikorwa biremereye cyane, bifite ibisabwa byinshi kumbaraga shingiro nimbaraga zuzuye zimishinga. Mw'izina ry'inganda zifite TELD Ingufu nshya, Wanbang Star Charge Technology, gride ya Leta.
Uburyo bwambere bwibigo byimodoka nuburyo bwo gucunga imikorere aho imishinga mishya yimodoka yingufu izajya ifata charger ya EV nka serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha kandi igaha ba nyiri ibicuruzwa byerekanwe hamwe nuburambe bwiza bwo kwishyuza.
Ubu buryo ni ubw'abafite imodoka zihamye bafite imishinga yimodoka, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi ya EV ni gito. Nyamara, muburyo bwo kubaka ikirundo cyigenga, inganda zimodoka nazo zigomba gukoresha ikiguzi kinini cyo kubaka amashanyarazi ya EV no kuzikomeza mugihe cyanyuma, zikwiranye ninganda zimodoka zifite abakiriya benshi nubucuruzi bwibanze buhamye. Ibigo bihagarariye birimo Tesla, NIO, XPENG Motors nibindi.
Igice cya gatatu cyo kwishyuza serivise yuburyo bwa sisitemu nuburyo bwo gucunga ibikorwa aho igice cya gatatu gihuza kandi kigahindura imashanyarazi ya EV yabakozi batandukanye binyuze mubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza umutungo.
Iyi moderi yicyiciro cya gatatu cyogutanga serivise ntabwo yitabira gushora imari no kubaka amashanyarazi ya EV, ariko igera kuri chargeri ya EV yabatwara amashanyarazi atandukanye kurubuga rwayo binyuze mubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza umutungo. Hamwe na tekinoroji yamakuru manini hamwe no guhuza umutungo no kugabura, amashanyarazi ya EV yabakozi batandukanye bahujwe no gutanga serivisi zishyuza kubakoresha C. Ibigo bihagarariye birimo Xiaoju Kwishyuza Byihuse na Cloud Byihuta.
Nyuma yimyaka hafi itanu irushanwa ryuzuye, imikorere yimikorere ya charger ya EV yabanje gukosorwa, kandi igice kinini cyisoko kiyobowe nabakora, bigakora ibara ryikinyabupfura rya TELD New Energy, Wanbang Star Charge Technology, amashanyarazi ya leta. Nyamara, kugeza ubu, kunoza imiyoboro yishyuza biracyashingira ku nkunga ya politiki n’inkunga yatanzwe ku isoko ry’imari, kandi ikaba itaranyura mu nyungu.
Hejuru Yiyongera, Hagati TELD Ingufu nshya
Mu nganda za charger za EV, isoko ryabatanga isoko yo hejuru hamwe nisoko ryabakoresha hagati bafite ibihe bitandukanye byo guhatana nibiranga isoko. Iyi raporo isesengura uruganda ruyoboye urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwishyuza module: Ongera, hamwe nuwashinzwe kwishyuza hagati: TELD Ingufu nshya, kugirango yerekane inganda.
Muri byo, EV charger yo hejuru yo guhatanira uburyo bwamenyekanye, Kwiyongera bifata umwanya.
Nyuma yiterambere mumyaka yashize, uburyo bwo hejuru bwisoko rya EV charger zashizweho. Mugihe witondera imikorere yibicuruzwa nigiciro, abakiriya bo hasi bitondera cyane imanza zikoreshwa munganda hamwe nibicuruzwa bihamye. Biragoye kubinjira bashya kubona inganda mugihe gito.
Kandi Wongere kandi mumyaka makumyabiri yiterambere, hamwe nitsinda ryubushakashatsi rikuze kandi rihamye ryubushakashatsi nitsinda ryiterambere, urukurikirane rwuzuye rwibicuruzwa bihendutse hamwe numuyoboro wibintu byinshi kandi byinshi bikwirakwizwa kumurongo wamamaza, ibicuruzwa byikigo byakoreshejwe muburyo bwimishinga yose, mubyamamare byinganda.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Increase, mu cyerekezo cy’ibicuruzwa bishyuza amashanyarazi, tuzakomeza gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’ibicuruzwa dushingiye ku bicuruzwa biriho ubu, tunonosore ibipimo ngenderwaho nkibisabwa n’ibidukikije ndetse n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi, kandi byihutishe iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa byishyurwa byihuse DC kugira ngo bikemuke ku isoko.
Muri icyo gihe, tuzanatangiza "charger imwe ya EV ifite amafaranga menshi" kandi tunonosore uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho uburyo bworoshye bwo gutanga ibisubizo byubwubatsi nibicuruzwa byiza byo kubaka sitasiyo yumuriro wa DC ifite ingufu nyinshi. Kandi ukomeze kunoza imyubakire ya software yububiko bwa sitasiyo yumuriro nogucunga, gushimangira imishinga yubucuruzi ihuriweho n "imiyoborere yububiko + igisubizo cyubwubatsi + ibicuruzwa", kandi uharanire kubaka ikirangantego gishya gishingiye ku guhanga udushya nkumuntu utanga isoko kandi utanga ibisubizo mubikorwa bya electronics.
Nubwo, Kwiyongera birakomeye, ariko mumyaka yashize, isoko ryabaguzi, haracyari ingaruka zo guhatanira isoko mugihe kizaza.
Uhereye kubisabwa, mumyaka yashize, isoko yo hejuru yumuriro wamashanyarazi murugo byerekana isoko ryumuguzi hamwe namarushanwa akomeye. Muri icyo gihe, icyerekezo cyiterambere cyumuriro wumuriro wamashanyarazi nacyo cyahindutse kiva mubikorwa byubwubatsi bwambere kijya kurangira cyiza, kandi inganda zitanga amashanyarazi za EV zinjiye mubyiciro byo kuvugurura inganda no kongera ingufu.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’ibanze shingiro ryimiterere yisoko, abakinyi bambere muruganda bafite imbaraga zubuhanga bwimbitse, niba ubushakashatsi bushya nibicuruzwa bishya byikigo bidashobora gutezwa imbere mugihe cyagenwe, iterambere ryibicuruzwa bishya ridahuye nibisabwa nisoko nibindi bibazo, bizahita bisimburwa namasosiyete y'urungano.
Mu ncamake, Kwiyongera bimaze imyaka myinshi byinjira mumasoko, bifite irushanwa rikomeye, kandi biragerageza no gukora imiterere yubucuruzi iranga. Ariko, niba ubushakashatsi niterambere bizaza bidashobora gukurikiranwa mugihe, haracyari ibyago byo kuvaho, ari nacyo microcosm yinganda zizamuka mu nganda zose zishyuza amashanyarazi.
TELD yibanze cyane cyane ku gusobanura “umuyoboro wo kwishyuza”, kurekura ibicuruzwa biva mu mashanyarazi ndetse no gushyira ingufu hagati y’uruganda rukora ibirundo, rufite umwobo mwinshi.
Nyuma yimyaka itari mike irushanwa ryisoko, isoko ryo hagati ryashizeho ibice bitatu byingufu za TELD Nshya, Wanbang Star Charge Technology, gride ya leta., Hamwe na TELD kumwanya wa mbere. Kugeza mu 2022 H1, mu rwego rwo kwishyuza rubanda, umugabane w’isoko ry’amanota ya DC ugera kuri 26%, naho amafaranga yo kwishyuza arenga dogere miliyari 2.6, umugabane w’isoko ugera kuri 31%, byombi biza ku mwanya wa mbere mu gihugu.
Impamvu TELD ihagaze neza kurutonde ni uko yateje imbere inyungu nini mugikorwa cyo gushyiraho umuyoboro wo kwishyuza: umubare w’amanota y’amashanyarazi waguye mu gace runaka ni make kuko iyubakwa ry’imitungo yishyurwa ribuzwa n’urubuga n’ubushobozi bwa gride yo mu karere; icyarimwe, imiterere yibyuma byamashanyarazi bisaba ishoramari rinini kandi rirambye, kandi ikiguzi cyo kwinjira muruganda ni kinini cyane. Byombi hamwe bigena umwanya utajegajega wa TELD hagati yimikorere irangiye.
Kugeza ubu, igiciro cyibikorwa byo kwishyuza amashanyarazi ni kinini, kandi amafaranga ya serivisi yo kwishyuza ninkunga ya leta ntabwo biri kure bihagije kugirango bungukire inyungu zabakora. Mu myaka mike ishize, ibigo bifitanye isano byashakishaga uburyo bushya bwo kubona inyungu, ariko TELD yabonye inzira nshya, ivuye mumuhanda mushya.
Umuyobozi wa TELD, Yudexiang, yagize ati: "Hamwe n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi no gusohora, zikwirakwiza ingufu nshya, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, imizigo ishobora kugabanywa n’ibindi bikoresho nk’ubwikorezi, guhuza ibikorwa byo gukoresha ingufu, 'kwishyiriraho imiyoboro + micro-grid + imiyoboro yo kubika ingufu' bihinduka umubiri mushya w’uruganda rukora amashanyarazi, ni inzira nziza yo kugera ku kutabogama kwa karubone."
Hashingiwe kuri iki gitekerezo, uburyo bwubucuruzi bwa TELD burimo guhinduka cyane: amafaranga yo kwishyuza, isoko nyamukuru yinjiza amasosiyete akora muri iki gihe, azasimburwa no kohereza amafaranga y’amashanyarazi ahuriweho n’ejo hazaza.
Muri 2022, H1, TELD ihujwe numubare munini wogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kandi ikwirakwizwa mububiko bwingufu, ifungura ibigo byohereza amashanyarazi mumijyi myinshi, no kubaka amashanyarazi yubwoko butandukanye ashingiye kumikoreshereze ikungahaye nko kwishyuza neza, kwishyuza amashanyarazi, kugurisha amashanyarazi, kugurisha ingufu za micro-gride, kubika ingufu za casque, no kongera imbaraga mumashanyarazi.
Raporo y’imari yerekana ko igice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka cyinjije miliyari 1.581 y’amafaranga y’Amerika, kikaba cyiyongereyeho 44,40% mu gihe kimwe cy’umwaka ushize, kandi inyungu rusange yiyongereyeho 114.93% mu gihe kimwe cy’umwaka ushize, byerekana ko iyi moderi idakora gusa, ahubwo ishobora no kugera ku kuzamuka kwiza muri iki gihe.
Nkuko mubibona, TELD, nkumuyobozi wibikorwa birangira, afite imbaraga zikomeye. Muri icyo gihe, yishingikiriza ku bikoresho byuzuye byo kwishyuza no kubona amashanyarazi ndetse na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ku isi, ikabona uburyo bwiza bw’ubucuruzi imbere y’abandi. Nubwo bidafite inyungu nyamara kubera ishoramari ryambere, mugihe kiri imbere, TELD izakingura neza inyungu.
Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zirashobora gutangiza iterambere rishya?
Muri EV charger yimbere mu gihugu no hagati yisoko ryo guhatanira amasoko bigenda bikosorwa buhoro buhoro, buri kigo cyogukoresha amashanyarazi kiracyagura isoko binyuze mubikorwa byikoranabuhanga no kuzamura no kujya mumahanga gushaka uburyo bwiyongera.
Imashanyarazi ya EV yo mu rugo ahanini itinda kwishyurwa, kandi abakoresha ibyo bakeneye kugirango bishyure byihuse bizana amahirwe mashya yo gukura.
Ukurikije ibyiciro bya tekinoroji yo kwishyuza, irashobora kugabanywamo AC charger na DC charger, nayo izwi nka charger ya buhoro ya EV na charger yihuta. Kugeza mu Kwakira 2022, amashanyarazi ya AC angana na 58% naho amashanyarazi ya DC angana na 42% bya nyiri amashanyarazi rusange mu Bushinwa.
Mu bihe byashize, abantu basaga nkaho bashoboye "kwihanganira" inzira yo kumara amasaha yo kwishyuza, ariko hamwe no kwiyongera kwurwego rwimodoka nshya zingufu, igihe cyo kwishyuza kiragenda kirekire kandi kirekire, guhangayikishwa no kwishyurwa nabyo byatangiye kugaragara, kandi icyifuzo cyumukoresha ku mashanyarazi menshi y’amashanyarazi yihuta cyane cyiyongera cyane, ibyo bikaba biteza imbere cyane kuvugurura amashanyarazi menshi ya DC EV.
Usibye kuruhande rwabakoresha, abakora ibinyabiziga nabo bateza imbere ubushakashatsi no kumenyekanisha ikoranabuhanga ryihuta ryihuse, kandi amasosiyete menshi yimodoka yinjiye mubyiciro byinshi byo kwerekana imashini ya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya 800V y’amashanyarazi, yubaka byimazeyo inkunga y’urusobe rwishyuza, bituma umuvuduko wubwubatsi bw’amashanyarazi ya DC EV.
Dukurikije ibivugwa na Guohai Securities, tuvuze ko 45% y’amafaranga mashya yishyurwa rusange na 55% by’amafaranga mashya y’abikorera ku giti cyabo azongerwaho mu 2025, 65% y’amashanyarazi ya DC na 35% y’amashanyarazi ya AC azongerwaho mu kwishyuza rubanda, kandi igiciro mpuzandengo cy’amashanyarazi ya DC hamwe n’amashanyarazi ya AC kizaba kingana na miliyari 50 na miliyari 0.3. 2021, hamwe na CAGR yimyaka 4 kugeza 60.7%, hari isoko rinini.
Mubikorwa byo murugo rwumuvuduko mwinshi wihuta wo kwishyuza no kuzamura muburyo bwuzuye, isoko yo kwishyuza mumahanga nayo yinjiye mubyiciro bishya byubwubatsi bwihuse.
Impamvu nyamukuru zitera iyubakwa ryihuse ryubwubatsi bwamahanga mumahanga hamwe ninganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zo murugo kujya mukiyaga nizi zikurikira.
1.
Mbere y’igihembwe cya kabiri cya 2021, kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’iburayi by’iburayi byari hejuru ya 50% by’ibicuruzwa byose byagurishijwe, ariko kuva mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2021, ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi meza mu Burayi byiyongereye vuba. Umubare w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi byiyongereye byavuye kuri munsi ya 50% mu gice cya mbere cya 2021 ugera kuri 60% mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2022. Ubwiyongere bw’imodoka z’amashanyarazi meza bwatanze icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kwishyuza ev.
Muri iki gihe kandi umubare munini w’ibinyabiziga by’ingufu muri Amerika winjira ni muto, 4.44% gusa, kubera ko umuvuduko mushya w’ibinyabiziga by’ingufu muri Amerika byihuta, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu 2023 biteganijwe ko uzarenga 60%, biteganijwe ko uzagera kuri miliyoni 4.73 z’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu 2025, umwanya w’ubwiyongere bukabije nawo utera iterambere ry’amafaranga yishyurwa.
2. Ikigereranyo cy’ibinyabiziga by’iburayi na Amerika biri hejuru cyane, imodoka irenze charger, hari ibyifuzo bikenewe.
Kugeza mu 2021, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu by’Uburayi bifite miliyoni 5.5, kwishyuza rusange ni 356.000, igipimo rusange cy’imodoka rusange ni 15: 1; mugihe amamodoka mashya y’ingufu muri Amerika afite miliyoni 2, kwishyuza rusange ni 114.000, igipimo cy’imodoka rusange-kigera kuri 17: 1.
Inyuma y’ikigereranyo kinini cy’imodoka, ni uko ikibazo cy’ibura rikomeye ry’imyubakire y’ibikorwa remezo mu Burayi no muri Amerika, gishyigikira icyuho gikenewe, kirimo umwanya munini w’isoko.
3. Umubare wamashanyarazi ya DC mumashanyarazi rusange yuburayi n’abanyamerika ni make, udashobora guhaza ibyo abakoresha bakeneye kugirango bishyure vuba.
Isoko ry’i Burayi n’isoko rya kabiri rinini ku isi ryishyuza ibicuruzwa nyuma y’Ubushinwa, ariko iterambere ry’ubwubatsi bwa DC mu Burayi riracyari mu ntangiriro. Kugeza 2021, mubantu 334.000 bishyuzwa rusange muri EU, 86.83% nibitinda kwishyurwa na 13.17% byihuse.
Ugereranije n’Uburayi, DC yishyuza ubwubatsi muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika iratera imbere, ariko ntishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byabakoresha kugirango bishyure byihuse. Kugeza 2021, muri 114.000 zishyurwa muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, kwishyuza buhoro buhoro bingana na 80.70% naho kwishyurwa byihuse bigera kuri 19.30%.
Mu masoko yo hanze ahagarariwe n’Uburayi na Amerika, kubera ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’imodoka za tramari hamwe n’igipimo kinini cyo kwishyiriraho amamodoka, hari icyifuzo gikomeye cyo gushyigikira ibicuruzwa byishyurwa. Mugihe kimwe, igipimo cyumuriro wa DC mugihe cyubu cyishyurwa ni gito cyane, bigatuma abakoresha ibyifuzo byabo byihutirwa byihuta.
Ku mishinga, kubera ko ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibinyabiziga by’iburayi n’Amerika bikaze kuruta isoko ry’Ubushinwa, urufunguzo rw’igihe gito “kujya mu nyanja” ni ukumenya ibyemezo bisanzwe; Mugihe kirekire, niba hashyizweho urwego rwuzuye nyuma yo kugurisha na serivise ya serivise, irashobora kwishimira byimazeyo inyungu ziyongera kumasoko yo kwishyuza mumahanga.
Andika kurangiza
EV kwishyuza nkimodoka nshya yingufu zishyigikira ibikoresho nkenerwa, ingano yinganda zinganda hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukura ntagushidikanya.
Nyamara, ukurikije abakoresha, kwishyuza ev biracyagoye kubona charger kandi bitinda kwishyurwa kuva umuvuduko mwinshi muri 2015 kugeza ubu; n'ibigo birwanira kuruhande rwigihombo kubera ishoramari rinini ryambere nigiciro kinini cyo kubungabunga.
Twizera ko nubwo iterambere ryinganda zishyuza ibicuruzwa bikomeje guhura ningorane nyinshi, ariko hamwe nigabanuka ryibiciro byinganda zo hejuru, imishinga yubucuruzi yo hagati ikura buhoro buhoro, kandi imishinga yo gufungura inzira igana ku nyanja, inganda zizishimira inyungu nazo zizagaragara.
Muri kiriya gihe, ikibazo kitoroshye cyo kubona ibicuruzwa byishyurwa no kwishyurwa gahoro bitazongera kuba ikibazo kubafite tramari, kandi inganda nshya z’imodoka n’ingufu nazo zizaba ziri mu nzira nziza yiterambere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-11-2023