Mugihe ubushyuhe bwimpeshyi bukomeje kwiyongera, abafite ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi barashobora gutangira kwibanda kukibazo gikomeye:EV kwishyuza ibintu mubihe bishyushye. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntibuhindura ihumure ryacu gusa ahubwo binatera ibibazo kumikorere ya batiri ya EV hamwe numutekano wo kwishyuza. Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kwishyuza neza imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi mugihe cyubushyuhe ningirakamaro mukurinda ubuzima bwimodoka ya bateri, kongera igihe cyayo, no gukora neza. Iyi ngingo izasesengura ingaruka zubushyuhe bwo hejuru ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi kandi iguhe urutonde rwibikorwa byiza bifatika hamwe ninama zinzobere zijyanye no kwishyuza icyi, bigufasha kugendana nimpeshyi ishyushye ufite amahoro yo mumutima.
Nigute Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugira ingaruka kuri bateri ya EV no gukora neza?
Intandaro yikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi ni paki ya batiri ya lithium-ion. Izi bateri zikora neza murwego rwubushyuhe bwihariye, mubisanzwe hagati ya 20∘C na 25∘C. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buzamutse, cyane cyane hejuru ya 35∘C, reaction ya electrochemical reaction imbere muri bateri igira ingaruka zikomeye, ari nako bigira ingaruka kumikorere, igihe cyo kubaho, hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza.
Ubwa mbere, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwihutisha gahunda yo kwangirika kwimiti muri bateri. Ibi birashobora gutuma igabanuka rihoraho mubushobozi bwa bateri, bikunze kwitwa kwangirika kwa batiri. Kumara igihe kinini ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyo kwishyuza birashobora gutuma electrolyte iri imbere muri bateri yangirika, igakora passivation igabanya umuvuduko wa ioni ya lithium, bityo bikagabanya ubushobozi bwakoreshwa na bateri.
Icya kabiri, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nabwo bwongera bateri imbere. Kwiyongera kwimbere imbere bivuze ko bateri itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyo kwishyuza cyangwa gusohora. Ibi bitera uruziga rukabije: ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije butuma ubushyuhe bwa bateri bwiyongera, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga zo guhangana n’imbere ndetse n’ubushyuhe, amaherezo bikaba bishobora guteraSisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS)uburyo bwo kurinda.
UwitekaBMSni 'ubwonko' bwa bateri ya EV, ishinzwe gukurikirana ingufu za bateri, ikigezweho, n'ubushyuhe. IyoBMSitahura ko ubushyuhe bwa bateri buri hejuru cyane, kugirango irinde bateri kwangirika, bizagabanya cyane ingufu zumuriro, biganisha ku kwihuta kwumuriro. Mu bihe bikabije ,.BMSirashobora no guhagarika kwishyuza kugeza ubushyuhe bwa bateri bugabanutse kurwego rutekanye. Ibi bivuze ko mugihe cyizuba gishyushye, ushobora gusanga kwishyuza bifata igihe kirenze ibisanzwe, cyangwa umuvuduko wo kwishyuza ntujuje ibyateganijwe.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira iragereranya muri make imikorere ya bateri ku bushyuhe bwiza n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru:
| Ikiranga | Ubushyuhe bwiza (20∘C - 25∘C) | Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (> 35∘C) |
| Ubushobozi bwa Bateri | Kwangirika buhoro, gutinda | Kwangirika kwihuse, kugabanya ubushobozi |
| Kurwanya Imbere | Hasi | Yiyongera, ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa |
| Kwishyuza Umuvuduko | Bisanzwe, neza | BMSimipaka, kwishyuza bitinda cyangwa kuruhuka |
| Ubuzima bwa Batteri | Birebire | Bigufi |
| Ingufu zo Guhindura Ingufu | Hejuru | Yagabanutse kubera gutakaza ubushyuhe " |
Imyitozo myiza yo kwishyuza EV mugihe cyizuba
Kugirango imodoka yawe yumuriro yishyure neza kandi neza no mubihe bishyushye, ni ngombwa gukurikiza ubu buryo bwiza.
Guhitamo Ikibanza Cyukuri cyo Kwishyuza nigihe
Guhitamo ibidukikije byishyuza bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe bwa bateri.
• Shyira imbere kwishyuza ahantu h'igicucu:Igihe cyose bishoboka, shyira EV yawe muri garage, aho imodoka zihagarara, cyangwa munsi ya kaburimbo. Irinde kumara igihe kinini imodoka yawe hamwe na sitasiyo yumuriro kugirango uyobore izuba. Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kuzamura ubushyuhe bwubuso bwa bateri nibikoresho byo kwishyuza, byongera umutwaro wumuriro.
• Kwishyuza nijoro cyangwa mugitondo cya kare:Ubushyuhe buri hejuru kumunsi, cyane cyane nyuma ya saa sita. Hitamo kwishyuza mugihe ubushyuhe buri hasi, nko mwijoro cyangwa mugitondo cya kare. Imashini nyinshi za EV zishyigikira kwishyurwa byateganijwe, bikwemerera gushiraho imodoka kugirango uhite utangira kwishyuza mugihe cyamasaha akonje, adahari. Ibi ntibifasha kurinda bateri gusa ahubwo birashobora no kuzigama amafaranga kuri fagitire y'amashanyarazi.
Kurinda sitasiyo yawe yishyuza:Niba ukoresha sitasiyo yo murugo, tekereza gushiraho izuba cyangwa kubishyira ahantu h'igicucu. Sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho ubwayo irashobora kandi guterwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bishobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere yayo cyangwa bikarinda ubushyuhe bukabije.
Kunoza Ingeso yo Kwishyuza Kubuzima bwa Bateri
Ingeso nziza yo kwishyuza ni urufunguzo rwo kwagura igihe cya bateri yawe ya EV.
• Komeza urwego rwo kwishyuza 20% -80%:Gerageza kwirinda kwishyuza byuzuye (100%) cyangwa kugabanuka rwose (0%) bateri yawe. Kugumana urwego rwo kwishyuza hagati ya 20% na 80% bifasha kugabanya imihangayiko kuri bateri kandi bigabanya umuvuduko ukabije, cyane cyane ahantu hashyushye.
• Irinde kwishyurwa ako kanya mugihe bateri ishyushye:Niba EV yawe imaze kuba murugendo rurerure cyangwa igaragazwa nizuba ryinshi mugihe kinini, ubushyuhe bwa bateri burashobora kuba hejuru. Ntabwo ari byiza guhita winjira mumashanyarazi menshi muriki gihe. Reka ikinyabiziga kiruhuke umwanya muto, ureke ubushyuhe bwa bateri bugabanuke bisanzwe mbere yo kwishyuza.
•Tekereza gukoresha Buhoro Buhoro: Ugereranije na DC yihuta, AC itinda buhoro (Urwego 1 cyangwa Urwego 2) itanga ubushyuhe buke. Mugihe cyizuba gishyushye, niba igihe kibyemereye, shyira imbereBuhoro Buhoro. Ibi bituma bateri igihe kinini cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, bityo bikagabanya ibyangiritse kuri bateri.
• Kugenzura buri gihe umuvuduko w'ipine:Amapine adafunitse yongerera ubushyamirane umuhanda, biganisha ku gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, byongera mu buryo butaziguye umutwaro wa bateri no kubyara ubushyuhe. Mu mpeshyi, umuvuduko w'ipine urashobora guhinduka bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwiyongera, bityo buri gihe kugenzura no gukomeza umuvuduko w'amapine ni ngombwa cyane.
Gukoresha Imodoka-Imashini Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe
Imodoka zamashanyarazi zigezweho akenshi zifite ibikoresho bigezweho byo gucunga bateri hamwe nibintu byabanjirije kabine. Gukoresha iyi mikorere birashobora kurwanya neza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
• Imikorere ibanziriza:Imashini nyinshi za EVS zishyigikira mbere yo gukora ubukonje mugihe cyo kwishyuza kugirango ukonje kabine na batiri. Iminota 15-30 mbere yuko uteganya kugenda, kora progaramu ibanziriza sisitemu yimodoka yawe cyangwa porogaramu igendanwa. Ubu buryo, ingufu za AC zizaturuka kuri gride aho kuba bateri, bikwemerera kwinjira mu kabari keza kandi ukemeza ko bateri itangira gukora ku bushyuhe bwayo bwiza, bityo ukabika ingufu za bateri mugihe utwaye.
• Kugenzura gukonjesha kure:Nubwo utari mumodoka, urashobora gufungura kure icyuma gikonjesha ukoresheje porogaramu yawe igendanwa kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwimbere. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane kubinyabiziga bihagaze mumirasire yizuba mugihe kirekire.
• GusobanukirwaBMS(Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri):EV yawe yubatsweBMSni umurinzi wumutekano wa bateri. Ihora ikurikirana ubuzima bwa bateri nubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa bateri bumaze kuba hejuru ,.BMSizahita ifata ingamba, nko kugabanya imbaraga zo kwishyuza cyangwa gukora sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Sobanukirwa nuburyo imodoka yaweBMSikora kandi witondere ubutumwa bwo kuburira buturutse mumodoka yawe.
• Gushoboza Kurinda Ubushyuhe bukabije bwa Cabin:Imashini nyinshi zitanga "Cabin Overheat Protection" zirahita zifungura umuyaga cyangwa AC kugirango ukonje kabine mugihe ubushyuhe bwimbere burenze agaciro kashyizweho. Ibi bifasha kurinda ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki hamwe na batiri kwangirika kwubushyuhe.
Ingamba-Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kuburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyuza
Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kwishyuza bwitwara butandukanye mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, busaba ingamba zitandukanye.
| Ubwoko bwo Kwishyuza | Urwego rwimbaraga | Ibiranga Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru | Ingamba |
| Urwego 1 (AC Buhoro Buhoro) | 1.4-2.4kW | Buhoro buhoro kwishyuza, byibuze ubushyuhe butangwa, ingaruka nkeya kuri bateri. | Ibyiza bikwiranye no kwishyuza burimunsi, cyane cyane nijoro cyangwa iyo imodoka ihagaze igihe kinini. Mubyukuri nta mpungenge zinyongera zijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwa bateri. |
| Urwego rwa 2 (AC Buhoro Buhoro) | 3.3-19.2kW | Umuvuduko wo kwishyiriraho uciriritse, utanga ubushyuhe buke kuruta kwishyurwa byihuse, mubisanzwe kuri sitasiyo yo murugo. | Biracyasabwa uburyo bwo kwishyuza burimunsi mugihe cyizuba. Kwishyuza ahantu h'igicucu cyangwa nijoro ni byiza. Niba ikinyabiziga gifite imikorere ibanziriza, kirashobora gukora mugihe cyo kwishyuza. |
| DC Kwishyuza Byihuse (DC Kwishyuza Byihuse) | 50kW-350kW + | Umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwishyuza, ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa,BMSumuvuduko ukabije ni rusange. | Gerageza kwirinda gukoresha mugice gishyushye cyumunsi. Niba ugomba kuyikoresha, hitamo sitasiyo yo kwishyuza hamwe na ahening cyangwa iri mumazu. Mbere yo gutangira kwishyurwa byihuse, urashobora gukoresha sisitemu yo kugendesha ibinyabiziga kugirango utegure inzira yawe, utangeBMSigihe cyo kubuza ubushyuhe bwa bateri uko imeze. Witondere impinduka zimbaraga zumuriro wikinyabiziga; niba ubonye igabanuka rikomeye ryumuriro, birashobora kubaBMSkugabanya umuvuduko wo kurinda batiri. " |
Ibitekerezo bisanzwe hamwe ninama zinzobere
Ku bijyanye no kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mu cyi, hari imyumvire itari yo. Gusobanukirwa no kumvira inama zinzobere ni ngombwa.
Ibitekerezo bisanzwe
• Imyumvire itari yo 1: Urashobora kwishyuza byihuse uko bishakiye.
• Gukosora:Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwongera ingufu za bateri imbere no kubyara ubushyuhe. Kwishyuza kenshi cyangwa kumashanyarazi menshi byihuse mubihe bishyushye birashobora kwihutisha kwangirika kwa bateri ndetse birashobora no gukurura ubushyuhe bukabije, biganisha kumuriro.
• Ibitekerezo 2: Nibyiza kwishyuza ako kanya bateri imaze gushyuha.
• Gukosora:Iyo ikinyabiziga kimaze guhura nubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa kigatwarwa cyane, ubushyuhe bwa bateri burashobora kuba hejuru cyane. Kwishyuza ako kanya bigashyira imbaraga zinyongera kuri bateri. Ugomba kureka ikinyabiziga kikaruhuka umwanya muto, ukemerera ubushyuhe bwa bateri kugabanuka bisanzwe mbere yo kwishyuza.
• Imyumvire itari yo 3: Kwishyuza kenshi 100% nibyiza kuri bateri.
• Gukosora:Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ifite umuvuduko mwinshi imbere nibikorwa mugihe hafi 100% yuzuye cyangwa 0% ubusa. Kugumana ibi bihe bikabije mugihe kirekire, cyane cyane mubushyuhe bwinshi, birashobora kwihutisha gutakaza ubushobozi bwa bateri.
Impanuro zinzobere
• Kurikiza Amabwiriza Yabakora:Ibiranga bateri naBMSingamba za buri kinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi kirashobora gutandukana gato. Buri gihe ujye ubaza igitabo cya nyir'ikinyabiziga kugira ngo kigusabe ibyifuzo kandi bigarukira ku bijyanye no kwishyurwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butangwa nuwabikoze.
• Witondere ubutumwa bwo kuburira ibinyabiziga:Ikibaho cya EV cyangwa icyerekezo cyo hagati gishobora kwerekana umuburo wubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa bateri cyangwa kwishyuza ibintu bidasanzwe. Niba imenyesha nkiryo rigaragaye, ugomba guhita uhagarika kwishyuza cyangwa gutwara hanyuma ugakurikiza amabwiriza yikinyabiziga.
• Kugenzura buri gihe Coolant:Amapaki menshi ya batiri ya EV afite sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Kugenzura buri gihe urwego rukonje nubuziranenge byerekana ko sisitemu yo gukonjesha ishobora gukora neza, ningirakamaro mugucunga amashyuza ya batiri.
• Koresha Data mu Gufata Ibyemezo:Niba porogaramu yimodoka yawe cyangwa porogaramu yandi yishyuza itanga ubushyuhe bwa bateri cyangwa amakuru yumuriro, wige gusobanura aya makuru. Mugihe ubonye ubushyuhe bukabije bwa bateri cyangwa igabanuka ridasanzwe ryingufu zumuriro, hindura ingamba zo kwishyuza ukurikije.
EV Yishyuza Sitasiyo yo Kurinda Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru no Kubungabunga
Usibye kwibanda ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi ubwabyo, kurinda no gufata neza sitasiyo yumuriro mubushyuhe bwinshi ntibikwiye kwirengagizwa.
•Kurinda Inzu Zishyuza Inzu (EVSE):
Igicucu:Niba inzu yawe yo kwishyiriraho inzu yashyizwe hanze, tekereza gushiraho izuba ryoroshye cyangwa urumuri kugirango urinde izuba ryinshi.
• Guhumeka:Menya neza guhumeka neza hafi yumuriro kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe.
Kugenzura buri gihe:Kugenzura buri gihe umutwe wimbunda hamwe ninsinga zumuriro kugirango ugaragaze ubushyuhe bwinshi, amabara, cyangwa ibyangiritse. Guhuza kurekuye birashobora kandi gutuma habaho kwiyongera no kubyara ubushyuhe.
• Ibitekerezo kuri Sitasiyo Yishyuza rusange:
• Sitasiyo nyinshi zishyuza rusange, cyane cyane sitasiyo yihuta, zifite uburyo bwo gukonjesha kugirango zihangane nubushyuhe bwinshi. Nyamara, abakoresha bagomba gukomeza gushyira imbere sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho ibifuniko byo hejuru cyangwa biri muri parikingi zo mu nzu.
Sitasiyo zimwe zishobora kwishyiriraho imbaraga zigabanya ingufu zumuriro mugihe cyubushyuhe bukabije. Nukurinda ibikoresho numutekano wibinyabiziga, nyamuneka nyamuneka wumve kandi ufatanye.
ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa ummer butanga imbogamizi kuri bateri yimodoka nuburyo bwo kwishyuza. Ariko, mu gufata uburenganziraEV kwishyuza ibintu mubihe bishyushye, urashobora kurinda neza imodoka yawe, kwemeza ubuzima bwa bateri, no gukomeza uburambe bwo kwishyuza. Wibuke, guhitamo igihe gikwiye cyo kwishyuza hamwe n’aho biherereye, guhindura ingeso zawe zo kwishyuza, no gukoresha neza ibintu byubwenge bwikinyabiziga cyawe byose ni urufunguzo rwo kwemeza ko imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi igenda mugihe cyizuba neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-31-2025