Hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV), iterambere ryibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza ryabaye intego yibanze mu nganda. Kugeza ubu,SAE J1772naCCS (Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza)nuburyo bubiri bukoreshwa cyane muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi. Iyi ngingo itanga igereranya ryimbitse ryibi bipimo, isesengura ubwoko bwabo bwo kwishyuza, guhuza, gukoresha imanza, hamwe nigihe kizaza cyo gufasha abakoresha guhitamo igisubizo kiboneye cyo kwishyuza kubyo bakeneye.
1. Kwishyuza CCS ni iki?
CCS (Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza)ni uburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyuza bwa EV bukoreshwa cyane muri Amerika ya ruguru no mu Burayi. Ifasha byombiAC (Ibindi Bigezweho)naDC (Ibiriho)kwishyuza unyuze kumuhuza umwe, utanga ibintu byoroshye kubakoresha. Umuhuza wa CCS uhuza amapine asanzwe ya AC yo kwishyuza (nka J1772 muri Amerika ya ruguru cyangwa Ubwoko bwa 2 mu Burayi) hamwe n’ibindi bibiri bya DC, bigatuma amashanyarazi ya AC atinda ndetse n’umuvuduko mwinshi wa DC wihuta unyuze ku cyambu kimwe.
Ibyiza bya CCS:
• Kwishyuza byinshi:Gushyigikira kwishyuza AC na DC, bikwiranye murugo no kwishyuza rusange.
• Kwishyuza byihuse:Amashanyarazi ya DC yihuta arashobora kwishyuza bateri kugeza 80% muminota 30, bikagabanya cyane igihe cyo kwishyuza.
• Kurera abana benshi:Yemejwe nabakora ibinyabiziga binini kandi byinjijwe mumibare yiyongera kuri sitasiyo rusange.
Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibinyabiziga by’ibihugu by’i Burayi (ACEA) rivuga ko kugeza mu 2024, hejuru ya 70% by’amashanyarazi rusange mu Burayi ashyigikira CCS, ubwishingizi burenga 90% mu bihugu nk’Ubudage, Ubufaransa, n’Ubuholandi. Byongeye kandi, amakuru yaturutse muri Minisiteri y’ingufu muri Amerika (DOE) yerekana ko CCS igizwe na 60% by’imiyoboro rusange yishyuza rusange muri Amerika ya Ruguru, bigatuma iba ihitamo ry’imihanda n’urugendo rurerure.
2. Nibihe binyabiziga bifasha kwishyuza CCS?
CCSyahindutse igipimo cyihuta cyo kwishyuza muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi, gishyigikiwe n'ibinyabiziga nka:
•Indangamuntu ya Volkswagen.4
• BMW i4 hamwe na iX
• Ford Mustang Mach-E
• Hyundai Ioniq 5
• Kia EV6
Izi modoka zirahujwe numuyoboro mwinshi wihuta wo kwishyuza, utanga uburambe bworoshye bwurugendo rurerure.
Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu by’Uburayi rishinzwe amashanyarazi (AVERE) ribivuga, hejuru ya 80% ya EV zagurishijwe mu Burayi mu 2024 zishyigikira CCS. Kurugero, ID ya Volkswagen ID.4, igurishwa cyane EV mu Burayi, irashimwa cyane kubera guhuza CCS. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka muri Amerika (AAA) ryerekana ko ba nyiri Ford Mustang Mach-E na Hyundai Ioniq 5 baha agaciro cyane uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza CCS.
3. J1772 yishyuza iki?
SAE J1772ni BisanzweAC (Ibindi Bigezweho)kwishyuza umuhuza muri Amerika ya ruguru, bikoreshwa cyane cyaneUrwego 1 (120V)naUrwego 2 (240V)kwishyuza. Yatejwe imbere na Sosiyete yaAbashinzwe Imodoka (SAE),irahujwe na EV hafi ya zose hamwe no gucomeka mumashanyarazi ya Hybrid (PHEVs) agurishwa muri Amerika ya ruguru.
Ibiranga J1772:
• Kwishyuza AC Gusa:Birakwiriye kwishyurwa gahoro murugo cyangwa aho ukorera.
• Guhuza byinshi:Gushyigikirwa na EV hafi ya zose na PHEV muri Amerika ya ruguru.
• Urugo no Gukoresha rusange:Bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kwishyuza murugo hamwe na sitasiyo rusange ya AC.
Nk’uko Minisiteri ishinzwe Amerika muri Amerika yabitangajeIngufu (DOE), hejuru ya 90% byamazu yo kwishyiriraho amazu muri Amerika ya ruguru bakoresha J1772 guhera mu 2024. Ba nyiri Tesla barashobora kwishyuza imodoka zabo kuri sitasiyo rusange ya AC bakoresheje adapt ya J1772. Byongeye kandi, raporo yakozwe na Electric Mobility Canada yerekana ko abantu benshi bashingiye kuri J1772 na Nissan Leaf na Chevrolet Bolt EV ba nyiri kwishyuza buri munsi.
4. Nibihe Binyabiziga Bishyigikira J1772 Kwishyuza?
BenshiEVnaPHEVmuri Amerika ya Ruguru bafite ibikoreshoJ1772, harimo:
Moderi ya Tesla (hamwe na adapt)
Ibibabi bya Nissan
Chevrolet Bolt EV
Toyota Toyota Prius Prime (PHEV)
Ubwuzuzanye bwagutse bwa J1772 butuma bumwe mubipimo bizwi cyane muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.
Nk’uko ikigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) kibitangaza, hejuru ya 95% ya EV zagurishijwe muri Amerika ya Ruguru mu 2024 zishyigikira J1772. Kuba Tesla ikoresha adaptate ya J1772 ituma ibinyabiziga byayo byishyura kuri sitasiyo rusange ya AC rusange. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Electric Mobility Canada bwerekana ko abafite Nissan Leaf na Chevrolet Bolt EV baha agaciro cyane guhuza no koroshya imikoreshereze ya J1772.
5. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya CCS na J1772
Mugihe uhisemo kwishyurwa, abakoresha bagomba gutekerezaumuvuduko wo kwishyuza, guhuza, kandi ukoreshe imanza. Dore itandukaniro nyamukuru:
a. Ubwoko bwo Kwishyuza
CCS: Shyigikira AC (Urwego 1 na 2) na DC kwishyurwa byihuse (Urwego 3), bitanga igisubizo cyinshi cyo kwishyuza muburyo bumwe.
J1772: Byibanze bishyigikira AC kwishyuza gusa, ibereye kurwego rwa 1 (120V) na 2 (240V).
b. Kwishyuza Umuvuduko
CCS: Itanga umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwishyurwa hamwe nubushobozi bwa DC bwihuta-busanzwe, mubisanzwe bigera kuri 80% kwishyurwa muminota 20-40 kubinyabiziga bihuye.
J1772: Kugarukira ku muvuduko wo kwishyuza AC; urwego rwa 2 charger irashobora kwishyuza byimazeyo EV nyinshi mumasaha 4-8.
c. Igishushanyo mbonera
CCS: Ihuza pin ya J1772 AC hamwe nibindi bibiri byongeweho DC, bigatuma iba nini gato ugereranije na J1772 isanzwe ariko ikemerera guhinduka.
J1772: Ihuza ryinshi rihuza AC kwishyuza wenyine.
d. Guhuza
CCS: Bihujwe na EV zagenewe kwishyurwa AC na DC zombi, cyane cyane zingirakamaro murugendo rurerure rusaba guhagarara byihuse.
J1772.
e. Gusaba
CCS: Nibyiza kubwishyu murugo no kwihuta kwihuta mugenda, bikwiranye na EV bisaba uburyo bwo kwishyuza byihuse.
J1772: Byibanze bikwiranye no kwishyuza urugo cyangwa aho ukorera, ibyiza byo kwishyuza ijoro ryose cyangwa igenamiterere aho umuvuduko utari ikintu gikomeye.
SAE J1772 Pinout
Umuyoboro wa CCS
6. Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
1.Ese charger za CCS zishobora gukoreshwa mumodoka ya J1772 gusa?
Oya, ibinyabiziga bya J1772 byonyine ntibishobora gukoresha CCS kugirango yishyure vuba DC, ariko irashobora gukoresha ibyambu bya AC byishyuza kuri charger ya CCS.
2.Ese charger ya CCS iraboneka cyane kuri sitasiyo rusange?
Nibyo, amashanyarazi ya CCS arasanzwe cyane mumiyoboro minini yo kwishyuza rusange muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi.
3.Ese imodoka za Tesla zishyigikira CCS cyangwa J1772?
Imodoka ya Tesla irashobora gukoresha charger ya J1772 hamwe na adapt, kandi moderi zimwe na zimwe nazo zishyigikira CCS byihuse.
4.Ni uwuhe wihuta: CCS cyangwa J1772?
CCS ishyigikira amashanyarazi ya DC yihuta, yihuta cyane kurenza AC ya J1772.
5.Ubushobozi bwa CCS nibyingenzi mugihe uguze EV nshya?
Niba ukunda gufata ingendo ndende, CCS ningirakamaro cyane. Ku ngendo ngufi no kwishyuza urugo, J1772 irashobora kuba ihagije.
6.Ni ubuhe bubasha bwo kwishyuza bwa J1772?
Amashanyarazi ya J1772 mubisanzwe ashyigikira urwego 1 (120V, 1.4-1.9 kW) hamwe nurwego rwa 2 (240V, 3.3-19.2 kW).
7.Ni ubuhe bubasha ntarengwa bwo kwishyuza bwa CCS?
Amashanyarazi ya CCS mubisanzwe ashyigikira urwego rwingufu kuva kuri 50 kW kugeza 350 kW, bitewe na sitasiyo yumuriro hamwe nibinyabiziga.
8.Ni ikihe giciro cyo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi ya J1772 na CCS?
Amashanyarazi ya J1772 mubisanzwe ntabwo ahenze kuyashiraho, igura hafi 300-700, mugihe charger ya CCS, ishyigikira kwishyurwa byihuse, igura hagati ya 1000and5000.
9.Ese CCS na J1772 bihuza kwishyuza birahuye?
Igice cyo kwishyuza AC cyumuhuza wa CCS kirahuza na J1772, ariko igice cyo kwishyuza DC gikorana gusa nibinyabiziga bihuza CCS.
10.Ese ibipimo byo kwishyuza EV bizahuzwa mugihe kizaza?
Kugeza ubu, ibipimo nka CCS na CHAdeMO birabana, ariko CCS iragenda ikundwa cyane muburayi no muri Amerika ya ruguru, birashoboka ko ari byo byiganje.
7.Icyerekezo kizaza hamwe nibyifuzo byabakoresha
Mugihe isoko rya EV rikomeje kwiyongera, iyakirwa rya CCS riragenda ryiyongera cyane cyane kuburugendo rurerure no kwishyuza rusange. Nyamara, J1772 ikomeza kuba ihitamo ryokwishyurwa murugo kubera guhuza kwinshi nigiciro gito. Kubakoresha ingendo ndende, guhitamo imodoka ifite ubushobozi bwa CCS birasabwa. Kubatwara cyane cyane mumijyi, J1772 irahagije kubikenewe bya buri munsi.
Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) kibitangaza ngo 2030 mu mwaka wa 2030 kugira ngo umutungo wa EV uzagera kuri miliyoni 245, CCS na J1772 bikomeze kuba ibipimo byiganje. Kurugero, Uburayi burateganya kwagura umuyoboro wa CCS wishyuza kuri miliyoni 1 muri 2025 kugirango ubashe gukenera EV. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Minisiteri y’ingufu muri Amerika (DOE) bwerekana ko J1772 izakomeza kurenga 80% by’isoko ryishyuza amazu, cyane cyane mu nyubako nshya zituyemo n’abaturage.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-31-2024