Hamwe niterambere ryihuse kwisi yose ya EV, iki gitabo cyibanze kumurongo, uhindagurikaAmajyaruguru ya Amerika yishyuza ecosystem. Twinjizamo ibisobanuro bya tekiniki bigezweho hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeye bwo kohereza ibikoresho biva mu nganda (SAE, CharIN), hamwe namakuru yatanzwe (DOE, NREL), twibanze kuri SAE J1772 na ISO 15118 ibyangombwa bisanzwe. Isesengura risuzuma byimazeyo ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, imipaka ihuza, hamwe nigihe kizaza, igamije gutanga isesengura ryumwimerere binyuze mumurongo wa protocole imikoranire.
Imbonerahamwe Ibirimo
1. Kwishyuza CCS ni iki?
CCS (Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza)ni uburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyuza EV ikoreshwa cyane muburayi kandimbereikiganza cyihuta-kwishyuza muri Amerika ya ruguru. Ifasha byombiAC (Ibindi Bigezweho)naDC (Ibiriho)kwishyuza unyuze kumuhuza umwe, utanga ibintu byoroshye kubakoresha. Umuhuza wa CCS uhuza amapine asanzwe ya AC yo kwishyuza (nka J1772 muri Amerika ya ruguru cyangwa Ubwoko bwa 2 mu Burayi) hamwe n’ibindi bibiri bya DC, bigatuma amashanyarazi ya AC atinda ndetse n’umuvuduko mwinshi wa DC wihuta unyuze ku cyambu kimwe.
Ibyiza bya CCS:
• Kwishyuza byinshi:Gushyigikira kwishyuza AC na DC, bikwiranye murugo no kwishyuza rusange.
• Kwishyuza byihuse:Amashanyarazi ya DC yihuta arashobora kwishyuza bateri kugeza 80% muminota 30, bikagabanya cyane igihe cyo kwishyuza.
• Kurera abana benshi:Yemejwe nabakora ibinyabiziga binini kandi byinjijwe mumibare yiyongera kuri sitasiyo rusange.
Nkibipimo byemewe mubihugu byu Burayi, CCS2 ikomeje kuba DC yihuta cyane.Ukurikije UwitekaIbicuruzwa byifashishwa mu Burayi (EAFO) amakuru (Q4 2024), ubwinshi bwinshi (hafi85% kugeza 90%) yo kwishyuza rusange ikoresha Ubwoko bwa 2 (AC) cyangwa CCS (DC). [Inkomoko ya ACEA]. Ibyatanzwe kuva iMinisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika (DOE)yerekana ko CCS ikomeje kuba igipimo cyashyizweho kugirango amato agezweho y’imodoka zitari Tesla muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ndetse no hagati y’inzibacyuho ya NACS [DOE-AFDC Inkomoko].
2. Nibihe binyabiziga bifasha kwishyuza CCS?
CCSikwihuta-kwishyuza byigenga bisanzweku isi, cyane cyane mu Burayi. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ibyinshi muri EVS bitari Tesla (moderi yabanjirije 2025) bishyigikira CCS1, nubwo abayikora benshi batangaje ko bazimukira ku byambu bya NACS guhera mu 2025.
Imodoka zishyigikiwe zirimo:
•Indangamuntu ya Volkswagen.4
• BMW i4 hamwe na iX
• Ford Mustang Mach-E
• Hyundai Ioniq 5
• Kia EV6
Izi modoka zirahujwe numuyoboro mwinshi wihuta wo kwishyuza, utanga uburambe bworoshye bwurugendo rurerure.
3. Guhindura imiterere ya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru: CCS1 na SAE J3400 (NACS)
Isoko ryo muri Amerika ya ruguru kuri ubu risobanurwa n’amarushanwa hagatiCCS1(akarere ka CCS gasanzwe) hamwe naSisitemu yo Kwishyuza Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (NACS), ryashyizwe ahagaragara na Sosiyete y'Abashinzwe Imodoka (SAE) nkaSAE J3400。
Iyi ngingo itanga isesengura ryimbitse ryimiterere ya Amerika ya ruguru yishyuza, yibanda kubisobanuro bya tekiniki kandiimbogamizi zo koherezaya CCS1, J1772, hamwe na SAE J3400 izamuka (NACS).Twinjizamo ubushishozi bukomoka kumurongo wingenzi wo kwishyuza hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimodokakugereranya ubwoko bwo kwishyuza, guhuza umubiri, hamwe nigihe kirekire.
| Ikiranga | CCS1 (Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza) | NACS / SAE J3400 (Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza Amerika y'Amajyaruguru) |
|---|---|---|
| Igishushanyo mbonera | Umuhuza munini, bulkier uhuza pin ya J1772 na DC ebyiri. | Gitoya, yoroshye, nibindi bishushanyo mbonera; pin imwe yashizweho kuri AC / DC zombi. |
| Akarere kiganje | Uburayi (nka CCS2) na mbere ya Amerika ya ruguru. | Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (yashyizweho kugirango ibe igipimo gisanzwe). |
| Ibizaza | Bizakomeza kuba ngombwa kubintu bisanzwe bitari Tesla EV kandi binyuze muri adapt. | Abakora amamodoka manini barayakoresha kubintu bishya bitangirira2025/2026。 |
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya NACS umuhuza nkaSAE J3400itanga igishushanyo mbonera cy’inganda, cyemeza imikoranire n’icyemezo cy’umutekano kugirango gikwirakwizwe muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
4. J1772 yishyuza iki?
SAE J1772ni BisanzweAC (Ibindi Bigezweho)kwishyuza umuhuza muri Amerika ya ruguru, bikoreshwa cyane cyaneUrwego 1 (120V)naUrwego 2 (240V)kwishyuza. Yatejwe imbere na Sosiyete yaAbashinzwe Imodoka (SAE),irahujwe na EV hafi ya zose hamwe no gucomeka mumashanyarazi ya Hybrid (PHEVs) agurishwa muri Amerika ya ruguru.
Ibiranga J1772:
• Kwishyuza AC Gusa:Birakwiriye kwishyurwa gahoro murugo cyangwa aho ukorera.
• Guhuza byinshi:Gushyigikirwa na EV hafi ya zose na PHEV muri Amerika ya ruguru.
• Urugo no Gukoresha rusange:Bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kwishyuza murugo hamwe na sitasiyo rusange ya AC.
Ikigereranyo cy'inganda cyerekana kohejuru ya 80-90%Urwego rwa 2 rwo kwishyiriraho amazu yagurishijwe muri Amerika ya ruguru rugaragaza umuhuza wa J1772, ugashyiraho nk'urwego rusange rwa AC.Abatunze ba Tesla barashobora kwishyuza imodoka zabo kuri sitasiyo rusange ya AC bakoresheje adapt ya J1772. Byongeye kandi, raporo yakozwe na Electric Mobility Canada yerekana ko abantu benshi bashingiye kuri J1772 na Nissan Leaf na Chevrolet Bolt EV ba nyiri kwishyuza buri munsi.
5. Nibihe Binyabiziga Bishyigikira J1772 Kwishyuza?
BenshiEVnaPHEVmuri Amerika ya Ruguru bafite ibikoreshoJ1772, kuyigira igipimo cyagutse cyane kurwego rwa 1 no kurwego rwa 2 kwishyuza.
Imodoka zishyigikiwe zirimo:
Moderi ya Tesla (hamwe na adapt)
Ibibabi bya Nissan
Chevrolet Bolt EV
Toyota Toyota Prius Prime (PHEV)
Ubwuzuzanye bwagutse bwa J1772 butuma buba bumwe mu bipimo bizwi cyane byo kwishyuza muri Amerika ya Ruguru.Nk'urwego mpuzamahanga rwa 2 (AC) rusanzwe, EVS zose za Tesla na PHEVs zakozwe ku isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (mbere y’inzibacyuho ya NACS, urugero, mbere ya 2025/2026) zifite icyambu cya J1772, bigatuma ikora neza 100% yo kwishyuza AC. Kuba Tesla ikoresha adaptate ya J1772 ituma ibinyabiziga byayo byishyura kuri sitasiyo rusange ya AC rusange. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Electric Mobility Canada bwerekana ko abafite Nissan Leaf na Chevrolet Bolt EV baha agaciro cyane guhuza no koroshya imikoreshereze ya J1772.
6. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya CCS na J1772
Mugihe uhisemo kwishyurwa, abakoresha bagomba gutekerezaumuvuduko wo kwishyuza,guhuza, kandi ukoreshe imanza. Dore itandukaniro nyamukuru:
| Kugereranya | CCS (Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza) | J1772 (SAE J1772) |
| Ubwoko bwo Kwishyuza | Shyigikira AC (Urwego 2) naDC (Urwego 3) kwishyuza byihuse | Kwishyuza AC gusa(Urwego 1 na Urwego 2) |
| Kwishyuza Umuvuduko | DC yihuta cyane mubisanzwe 50 kW kugeza 350 kW (munsi yiminota 30 kugeza 80%) | Urwego rwa 2 kwishyuza kugeza kuri 19.2 kWt (amasaha 4-8 yo kwishyurwa byuzuye) |
| Igishushanyo mbonera | Umuhuza munini, bulkier uhuza J1772 AC hamwe na DC ebyiri zabigenewe. | Ihuza AC yishyuza ihuza Urwego 1/2 gusa. |
| Amasezerano y'itumanaho | ISO 15118 (Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi - PLC)kubintu biranga iterambere (urugero, Gucomeka no Kwishyuza) | SAE J1772 (Ikimenyetso cy'indege)kubushakashatsi bwibanze no guhuza umutekano. |
| Igiciro cyibikoresho | . | Urwego rwa 2 Ibice byo murugo: Mubisanzwe$ 300 - $ 1.000 USDkubikoresho byuma. |
| Koresha Imanza | Kwishyuza murugo, urugendo rurerure, no kwihuta kwabaturage. | Urugo cyangwa aho ukorera bitinda kwishyurwa (ijoro ryose / parikingi ya buri munsi). |
a. Kwishyuza Umuvuduko:
CCS na NACS zishyigikira byihuse DC yumuriro, akenshi kuva kuri 50 kW kugeza350 kWt(ukurikije sitasiyo nuburyo bwububiko). J1772 igarukira kurwego rwa 2 AC kwishyuza, hamwe nibisanzwe bisohoka bya19.2 kW.
b. Igiciro cyo Kwishyiriraho & Ingorabahizi:Mugihe J1772 (Urwego 2) kwishyiriraho byagereranywa no kwifashisha ibikoresho binini ($ 300- $ 1.000 kubikoresho), DCFC (CCS / NACS) yoherejwe ikibanza cyerekana umushinga wubwubatsi. Igiciro cyose cyumushinga (> $ 100,000 USD) akenshi byiganjemo kuzamura serivise zingirakamaro, ibiciro bya transformateur, hamwe nimpushya zihariye - ibintu birenga kure $ 10,000- $ 40,000 byigikoresho cyibikoresho.Isesengura ry'ibiciro bya NREL].
c. Igishushanyo mbonera
CCS: Ihuza pin ya J1772 AC hamwe nibindi bibiri byongeweho DC, bigatuma iba nini gato ugereranije na J1772 isanzwe ariko ikemerera guhinduka.
J1772: Ihuza ryinshi rihuza AC kwishyuza wenyine.
d. Guhuza
CCS: Bihujwe na EV zagenewe kwishyurwa AC na DC zombi, cyane cyane zingirakamaro murugendo rurerure rusaba guhagarara byihuse.
J1772.
e. Gusaba
CCS: Nibyiza kubwishyu murugo no kwihuta kwihuta mugenda, bikwiranye na EV bisaba uburyo bwo kwishyuza byihuse.
J1772: Byibanze bikwiranye no kwishyuza urugo cyangwa aho ukorera, ibyiza byo kwishyuza ijoro ryose cyangwa igenamiterere aho umuvuduko utari ikintu gikomeye.
f. Imikoranire ya protocole: SAE J3400 na ISO 15118
Ibipimo bya CCS bishingiye kuri ISO 15118 (byumwihariko 15118-2 / 20 kuri PLC hejuru yumurongo wa Pilote) kugirango ushoboze ibintu bifite umutekano nka Plug na Charge (P&C). Icy'ingenzi, igipimo cya SAE J3400 cyerekanwe neza ko gihuza amashanyarazi na protocole ISO 15118 binyuze muri PLC. Ibi bivuze ko ibinyabiziga bifite ibikoresho bya NACS bishobora gushyigikira ibiranga P&C na V2G (Ikinyabiziga-Kuri-Grid), hashingiwe ko inyuma ya sitasiyo yumuriro hamwe nibikoresho bya software bigezweho kugirango bishyire mubikorwa byimazeyo ISO 15118 yo gufatana urunana na J3400. Iyi mikoranire ni urufunguzo rwinzibacyuho.
[Icyerekezo gifasha Icyitonderwa] Reba Ishusho 1 kuri J1772 na CCS1 Umuyoboro
7. Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
1.Ibinyabiziga J1772 byonyine (AC) byishyuza kuri sitasiyo ya CCS?
Oya, ntabwo byanze bikunze DC yishyuza byihuse. Mugihe igice cyo hejuru cyicyambu cya CCS nicyambu cya J1772, sitasiyo rusange ya DC yihuta itanga imbunda yuzuye ya CCS (DC). Ikinyabiziga J1772 cyonyine ntigishobora gukoresha imashini nini ya DC.
2.Ese charger ya CCS iraboneka cyane kuri sitasiyo rusange?
Yego.Amashanyarazi ya CCS (CCS1 / CCS2) arasanzwe kwisi yose. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, urusobe ni runini, kandi sitasiyo nyinshi zirimo kongeramo NACS ihuza na CCS1 kugirango zihuze ejo hazaza.
3.Ese imodoka za Tesla zishyigikira CCS cyangwa J1772?
Imodoka ya Tesla kavukire ikoresha umuhuza wa NACS. Bashobora kwishyuza kuri sitasiyo ya J1772 (AC) bakoresheje adapt, kandi barashobora no kubona umuyoboro wa CCS DC wihuta cyane ukoresheje adaptori yatanzwe na CCS.
4.Ni uwuhe wihuta: CCS cyangwa J1772?
CCS na NACS (J3400) zirihuta cyane kurenza J1772.Ni ukubera ko CCS na NACS bishyigikira urwego rwa 3 DC kwishyurwa byihuse, mugihe J1772 igarukira kurwego rwa 1/2 AC kwishyuza buhoro.
5.Ni ubuhe bubasha bwo kwishyuza bwa J1772?
Amashanyarazi ya J1772 mubisanzwe ashyigikira urwego 1 (120V, 1.4-1.9 kW) hamwe nurwego rwa 2 (240V, 3.3-19.2 kW).
6.Ni ubuhe bubasha ntarengwa bwo kwishyuza bwa CCS?
Amashanyarazi ya CCS mubisanzwe ashyigikira urwego rwingufu kuva kuri 50 kW kugeza 350 kW, bitewe na sitasiyo yumuriro hamwe nibinyabiziga.
7.Ni ikihe giciro gisanzwe cyibikoresho bya charger ya J1772 na CCS / NACS?
J1772 Urwego 2 urwego rusanzwe rugura $ 300 - $ 1.000 USD (usibye insinga zo guturamo). Ibice bya DCFC (CCS / NACS) (50-150 kW) mubisanzwe bigura $ 10,000 - $ 40,000 + USD (kubikoresho byonyine). Icyitonderwa: DCFC igiciro cyumushinga akenshi kirenga 100.000 $.
8.CCS1 izavaho muri Amerika ya ruguru?
CCS1 iri mugihe cyinzibacyuho. Mugihe abakora amamodoka benshi biyemeje ibyambu bya NACS guhera muri 2025/2026, CCS1 izakomeza kuba ingenzi kuri miriyoni za EV zitari Tesla mumyaka. Imiyoboro yo kwishyuza igenda yerekeza kuri sitasiyo ebyiri (CCS1 + NACS).
8.Ibihe bizaza hamwe nibyifuzo byabakoresha
Mugihe isoko rya EV rikomeje kwiyongera, ibibanza byo kwishyuza bigenda bigabanywa neza mukarere no gukoresha ikibazo:
• Isi yose: CCS2ikomeje kuba igipimo kitari Tesla mu Burayi no ku yandi masoko akomeye ku isi.
• Amerika y'Amajyaruguru: SAE J3400 (NACS)irihuta cyane kuba igipimo gishya cyimodoka zitwara abagenzi kwishyurwa byihuse, gishyigikiwe nabakora ibinyabiziga hafi ya byose. CCS1 izakomeza kuba ingenzi mugihe cyinzibacyuho.
• Kwishyuza Urugo: SAE J1772.
Ku baguzi, guhitamo biterwa n'ahantu. Mu Burayi, guhuza CCS2 ni itegeko. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, guhitamo imodoka hamwekavukire NACS (J3400)ninzira nziza yo kwerekana-ishoramari ryawe, mugihe abatari Tesla bafite ubu bagomba kwishingikiriza kubihariCCS1umuyoboro hamwe na adaptate zo kubona Supercharger. Inzira iganasitasiyo ebyirigukorera byombi amato ya CCS hamwe nigihe kizaza cya NACS.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-31-2024