Gufungura amafaranga yishyurwa rya EV: Kuva Kanda ya Shoferi kugeza kumafaranga ya Operator
Kwishura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bisa nkibyoroshye. Urakurura, ucomeka, kanda ikarita cyangwa porogaramu, kandi uri munzira. Ariko inyuma yiyo tapi yoroshye ni isi igoye yikoranabuhanga, ingamba zubucuruzi, nibyemezo bikomeye.
Ku mushoferi, abiziuburyo bwo kwishyura amafaranga yishyurwani bijyanye no korohereza. Ariko kuri nyir'ubucuruzi, umuyobozi wa flet, cyangwa ushinzwe kwishyuza sitasiyo, gusobanukirwa iyi nzira nurufunguzo rwo kubaka ubucuruzi bwunguka kandi butanga ejo hazaza.
Tuzasubiza inyuma umwenda. Ubwa mbere, tuzareba uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyura buri shoferi akoresha. Noneho, tuzibira mubitabo byumukino-reba neza birambuye ibyuma, software, ningamba zikenewe kugirango urusheho kwishyurwa neza.
Igice cya 1: Agatabo gafasha abashoferi - Uburyo 3 bworoshye bwo kwishyura
Niba uri umushoferi wa EV, ufite amahitamo menshi yoroshye yo kwishyura. Sitasiyo nyinshi zigezweho zitanga byibuze bumwe muburyo bukurikira, bigatuma inzira igenda neza kandi iteganijwe.
Uburyo bwa 1: Porogaramu ya Smartphone
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyura ni binyuze muri porogaramu igendanwa. Buri rusobe runini rwo kwishyuza, nka Electrify Amerika, EVgo, na ChargePoint, ifite porogaramu yayo.
Inzira iroroshye. Ukuramo porogaramu, ugakora konti, kandi ugahuza uburyo bwo kwishyura nk'ikarita y'inguzanyo cyangwa Apple Pay. Iyo ugeze kuri sitasiyo, ukoresha porogaramu kugirango usuzume QR code kuri charger cyangwa uhitemo numero ya sitasiyo kurikarita. Ibi bitangira gutembera kwamashanyarazi, kandi porogaramu ikwishyura mu buryo bwikora iyo urangije.
• Ibyiza:Biroroshye gukurikirana amateka yo kwishyuza hamwe nibisohoka.
• Ibibi:Urashobora gukenera porogaramu zitandukanye niba ukoresheje imiyoboro myinshi yo kwishyuza, biganisha kuri "umunaniro wa porogaramu."
Uburyo bwa 2: Ikarita ya RFID
Kubantu bakunda uburyo bwumubiri, ikarita ya RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) ni ikarita ikunzwe. Iyi ni ikarita yoroheje ya pulasitike, isa n'ikarita y'ingenzi ya hoteri, ihujwe na konte yawe yo kwishyuza.
Aho gutitira terefone yawe, kanda gusa ikarita ya RFID kumwanya wabigenewe kuri charger. Sisitemu ihita imenya konte yawe hanyuma igatangira isomo. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwihuse kandi bwizewe bwo gutangiza amafaranga, cyane cyane mubice bifite serivise mbi.
• Ibyiza:Byihuse cyane kandi ikora idafite terefone cyangwa umurongo wa interineti.
• Ibibi:Ugomba gutwara ikarita yihariye kuri buri rezo, kandi birashobora kuba byoroshye kuyimura.
Uburyo bwa 3: Ikarita y'inguzanyo / Kanda-kuri-Kwishura
Amahitamo menshi kandi yorohereza abashyitsi ni kwishura ikarita yinguzanyo. Sitasiyo nshya yo kwishyuza, cyane cyane DC yumuriro wihuse kumihanda minini, igenda irushaho kuba ifite abasoma ikarita yinguzanyo.
Ibi bikora neza nko kwishyura kuri pompe. Urashobora gukanda ikarita yawe itagira aho uhurira, ukoreshe umufuka wa terefone igendanwa, cyangwa winjizamo ikarita ya chip kugirango wishure. Ubu buryo ni bwiza kubashoferi badashaka kwiyandikisha kubanyamuryango cyangwa gukuramo indi porogaramu. Gahunda ya leta ya Amerika ya NEVI yo gutera inkunga ubu irategeka iki kintu kubakoresha amashanyarazi mashya yatewe inkunga na federasiyo kugirango barusheho kugerwaho.
• Ibyiza:Nta kwiyandikisha bisabwa, byumvikanyweho na bose.
• Ibibi:Ntibiboneka kuri sitasiyo zose zishyuza, cyane cyane zishaje zo murwego rwa 2.
Igice cya 2: Igitabo gikinisha cya Operator - Kubaka Sisitemu yo Kwishyura Yunguka
Noneho, reka duhindure ibitekerezo. Niba ukoresha charger kubucuruzi bwawe, ikibazouburyo bwo kwishyura amafaranga yishyurwaihinduka cyane. Ugomba kubaka sisitemu ituma umushoferi yoroshye kanda bishoboka. Guhitamo kwawe kuzagira ingaruka ku biciro byawe byambere, amafaranga yinjira, no guhaza abakiriya.
Guhitamo Intwaro zawe: Icyemezo Cyuma
Icyemezo cya mbere kinini nicyo cyuma cyo kwishyura kugirango ushyire kuri charger yawe. Buri cyiciro kizana ibiciro bitandukanye, inyungu, nibigoye.
• Ikarita y'inguzanyo:Gushiraho ikarita yerekana inguzanyo ya EMV yemewe ni ikarita ya zahabu yo kwishyuza rusange. Izi terminal, ziva mubakora bizerwa nka Nayax cyangwa Ingenico, zitanga uburyo rusange bwo kugera kubakiriya biteze. Nyamara, nuburyo buhenze cyane kandi bugusaba kubahiriza amategeko akomeye ya PCI DSS (Ikarita yo Kwishura Inganda Data Data Security Standard) kugirango urinde amakuru yabafite amakarita.
• Basomyi ba RFID:Ibi nibisubizo bihendutse, cyane cyane kubikorera cyangwa igice cyigenga nkibikorwa byakazi cyangwa inyubako. Urashobora gukora sisitemu ifunze-aho abanyamuryango babiherewe uburenganzira hamwe namakarita ya RFID yikigo cyawe bashobora kubona charger. Ibi byoroshya imiyoborere ariko bigabanya uburyo rusange bwo kugera.
Sisitemu ya QR Code:Ngiyo igiciro gito cyo kwinjira. Byoroshye, biramba QR code yometse kuri buri charger irashobora kuyobora abakoresha kumurongo wurubuga kugirango binjize amakuru yo kwishyura. Ibi bivanaho ikiguzi cyibikoresho byo kwishyura ariko bituma uyikoresha ashinzwe kugira terefone ikora hamwe nu murongo wa interineti.
Abenshi mubakora neza bakoresha uburyo bwimvange. Gutanga uburyo uko ari butatu byemeza ko nta mukiriya wigeze asubira inyuma.
| Ibyuma byo Kwishura | Igiciro cyo hejuru | Uburambe bw'abakoresha | Ibikorwa bya Operator | Koresha Urubanza |
| Umusomyi w'inguzanyo | Hejuru | Cyiza(Kwinjira kuri bose) | Hejuru (Irasaba kubahiriza PCI) | Amashanyarazi rusange ya DC yihuta, Ahantu hacururizwa |
| Umusomyi wa RFID | Hasi | Nibyiza(Byihuta kubanyamuryango) | Hagati (Umukoresha & ikarita yo gucunga) | Ahantu ukorera, Amazu, ububiko bwa Fleet |
| QR Kode Yonyine | Hasi cyane | Neza(Yishingikiriza kuri terefone y'abakoresha) | Hasi (Ahanini bishingiye kuri software) | Urugendo ruto-Urwego 2 Amashanyarazi, Gushiraho Ingengo yimari |
Ubwonko bwibikorwa: Gutunganya ubwishyu & software
Ibyuma bifatika ni igice kimwe cya puzzle. Porogaramu ikorera inyuma niyo icunga neza ibikorwa byawe ninjiza.
• CSMS ni iki?Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza Sisitemu (CSMS) nicyo kigo cyawe. Ni porogaramu ishingiye ku gicu ihuza porogaramu zawe. Uhereye ku kibaho kimwe, urashobora gushiraho ibiciro, kugenzura uko sitasiyo ihagaze, gucunga abakoresha, no kureba raporo yimari.
• Inzira yo Kwishura:Iyo umukiriya yishyuye ikarita yinguzanyo, ibyo bikorwa bigomba gutunganywa neza. Irembo ryo kwishura, nka Stripe cyangwa Braintree, rikora nkumuhuza wizewe. Ifata amakuru yo kwishyura muri charger, ivugana na banki, kandi igashyira amafaranga kuri konte yawe.
• Imbaraga za OCPP:UwitekaFungura Porotokole Yishyurwa (OCPP)ni incamake y'ingenzi ukeneye kumenya. Ni ururimi rufunguye rwemerera charger na software yo gucunga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kugirango bavugane. Gutsimbarara kuri charger ya OCPP yubahiriza ntabwo biganirwaho. Iraguha umudendezo wo guhindura software yawe ya CSMS mugihe kizaza utiriwe usimbuza ibyuma byawe byose bihenze, bikubuza gufungirwa mubucuruzi bumwe.
Ingamba zo Kugena Ibiciro & Amafaranga yinjira
Sisitemu yawe imaze gushyirwaho, ugomba guhitamouburyo bwo kwishyura amafaranga yishyurwaserivisi utanga. Ibiciro byubwenge ni urufunguzo rwo kunguka.
• Kuri kilowati (Kilowatt-isaha):Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza kandi buboneye. Wishyuza abakiriya kubwinshi bwingufu bakoresha, kimwe nisosiyete ikora amashanyarazi.
• Ku munota / Isaha:Kwishyuza igihe biroroshye kubishyira mubikorwa. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugushishikariza ibicuruzwa, kubuza imodoka zuzuye zuzuye ahantu hamwe. Ariko, irashobora kumva irenganya ba nyiri EV zishyura buhoro.
Amafaranga y'amasomo:Urashobora kongeramo amafaranga make, aringaniye mugutangira buri cyiciro cyo kwishyuza kugirango wishyure ibicuruzwa.
Kubyinjiza byinshi, tekereza ku ngamba zateye imbere:
• Igiciro gihamye:Hindura uhindure ibiciro byawe ukurikije igihe cyumunsi cyangwa icyifuzo kiriho kuri gride yamashanyarazi. Kwishyuza byinshi mugihe cyamasaha kandi utange kugabanuka mugihe kitari cyiza.
• Abanyamuryango & Kwiyandikisha:Tanga abiyandikisha buri kwezi kumafaranga yagenwe yo kwishyuza cyangwa kugabanywa. Ibi birema ibintu byateganijwe, bigenda byinjira.
• Amafaranga adafite akamaro:Iki nikintu gikomeye. Mu buryo bwikora kwishyuza umunota kumunota kubashoferi basiga imodoka yabo icomeka nyuma yigihe cyo kwishyuza kirangiye. Ibi bituma sitasiyo yawe yagaciro iboneka kubakiriya bataha.
Gusenya Urukuta: Imikoranire no kuzerera
Tekereza niba ikarita yawe ya ATM yakoraga gusa kuri ATM ya banki yawe. Byaba bitoroshye. Ikibazo kimwe kibaho mumashanyarazi ya EV. Umushoferi ufite konti ya ChargePoint ntashobora gukoresha byoroshye sitasiyo ya EVgo.
Igisubizo kirazerera. Ahantu ho kuzerera nka Hubject na Gireve bikora nkibiro bikuru byinganda zishyuza. Muguhuza sitasiyo yawe yo kwishyiriraho na platifomu, uzatuma ushobora kugera kubashoferi bava mumirongo yandi.
Iyo umukiriya uzerera acometse kuri sitasiyo yawe, hub irabamenya, ikemerera uburenganzira, kandi ikemura ikibazo cyo kwishyuza hagati y'urugo rwabo nawe. Kwinjira murusobe ruzerera uhita ugwiza abakiriya bawe kandi ugashyira sitasiyo yawe kurikarita kubandi bashoferi ibihumbi.
Igihe kizaza cyikora: Gucomeka & Kwishyuza (ISO 15118)
Ubwihindurize bukurikira muriuburyo bwo kwishyura amafaranga yishyurwabizatuma inzira itagaragara rwose. Iri koranabuhanga ryitwa Plug & Charge, kandi rishingiye ku rwego mpuzamahanga ruzwi nkaISO 15118.
Dore uko ikora: icyemezo cya digitale, kirimo umwirondoro wikinyabiziga namakuru yo kwishyuza, kibitswe neza mumodoka. Iyo ucomye imodoka mumashanyarazi abangikanye, imodoka na charger bikora intoki zizewe. Amashanyarazi ahita amenya ikinyabiziga, yemerera isomo, kandi yishyuza konti kuri dosiye - nta porogaramu, ikarita, cyangwa telefone ikenewe.
Abakora amamodoka nka Porsche, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, na Lucid basanzwe bubaka ubwo bushobozi mumodoka zabo. Nkumukoresha, gushora mumashanyarazi ashyigikira ISO 15118 nibyingenzi. Izaza-yerekana ishoramari ryawe kandi ituma sitasiyo yawe igana ahantu nyaburanga ba nyiri EV nshya.
Kwishura Birenze Ibikorwa-Nuburambe bwabakiriya bawe
Ku mushoferi, uburambe bwo kwishyura ni bumwe batagomba gutekereza. Kuri wewe, umukoresha, ni sisitemu yubatswe neza yagenewe kwizerwa, guhinduka, no kunguka.
Ingamba zo gutsinda zirasobanutse. Tanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyura (ikarita yinguzanyo, RFID, porogaramu) kugirango ukorere buri mukiriya uyumunsi. Wubake urusobe rwawe rufunguye, rudashingiye ku nyungu (OCPP) kugirango wemeze kugenzura ibyateganijwe. Kandi ushore mubikoresho byiteguye gukora tekinoroji yikora, idafite icyerekezo ejo (ISO 15118).
Sisitemu yo kwishyura ntabwo ari igitabo cyamafaranga gusa. Nibikorwa byibanze bya digitale hagati yikimenyetso cyawe n'umukiriya wawe. Mugukora umutekano, byoroshye, kandi byizewe, wubaka ikizere kigarura abashoferi inshuro nyinshi.
Inkomoko yemewe
1.Ibikorwa Remezo by’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi (NEVI) Ibipimo bya gahunda:Ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Amerika. (2024).Itegeko rya nyuma: Ibipimo remezo by'ibinyabiziga by'igihugu by'amashanyarazi n'ibisabwa.
• Ihuza: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ibidukikije/nevi/
2.Ikarita yo Kwishura Inganda Amakuru Yumutekano (PCI DSS):Inama ishinzwe umutekano wa PCI.PCI DSS v4.x.
• Ihuza: https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/document_library/
3.Wikipedia - ISO 15118
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-27-2025