Impinduramatwara yimodoka yamashanyarazi ntabwo ireba imodoka gusa. Byerekeranye nibikorwa remezo binini bibaha imbaraga. Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) gitangaza ko aho abantu bishyuza ku isi barengeje miliyoni 4 mu 2024, imibare iteganijwe kwiyongera muri iyi myaka icumi. Intandaro yiyi miliyari y'amadorari ecosystem niUmuyobozi ushinzwe kwishyuza(CPO).
Ariko mubyukuri CPO ni iki, kandi ni gute uru ruhare rugaragaza imwe mumahirwe akomeye yubucuruzi muri iki gihe cyacu?
Umuyobozi wa Charge Point Operator ni nyirubwite numuyobozi wumuyoboro wa EV zishyuza. Nibicecekere, byingenzi byingirakamaro yumuriro wamashanyarazi. Bemeza ko guhera igihe umushoferi acometse, imbaraga zitemba neza kandi nigikorwa nticyiza.
Aka gatabo kagenewe abashoramari batekereza imbere, rwiyemezamirimo ukomeye, na nyir'umutungo uzi ubwenge. Tuzasesengura uruhare rukomeye rwa CPO, dusenye imishinga yubucuruzi, kandi dutange gahunda ku ntambwe yo kwinjira muri iri soko ryunguka.
Uruhare Rukuru rwa CPO muri EV Yishyuza Ibinyabuzima
Kugira ngo wumve CPO, ugomba kubanza kumva umwanya wacyo mwisi yishyuza. Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rufite abakinnyi benshi b'ingenzi, ariko bibiri by'ingenzi kandi bikunze kwitiranya ni CPO na eMSP.
CPO na eMSP: Itandukaniro rikomeye
Bitekerezeho nkumuyoboro wa terefone ngendanwa. Isosiyete imwe ifite kandi ikomeza iminara ya selile igaragara (CPO), mugihe indi sosiyete iguha gahunda ya serivise hamwe na porogaramu kuri wewe, uyikoresha (eMSP).
• Ushinzwe kwishyuza (CPO) - "Nyirinzu":CPO ifite kandi icunga ibyuma byishyurwa byumubiri nibikorwa remezo. Bashinzwe igihe cyamashanyarazi, igihe cyo kubungabunga, no guhuza amashanyarazi. "Umukiriya" wabo ni eMSP ishaka guha abashoferi babo kuri charger.
• Serivisi itanga serivisi (eMSP) - "Utanga serivisi":EMSP yibanze ku mushoferi wa EV. Batanga porogaramu, ikarita ya RFID, cyangwa sisitemu yo kwishyura abashoferi bakoresha kugirango batangire kandi bishyure icyiciro cyo kwishyuza. Ibigo nka PlugShare cyangwa Shell Recharge ni eMSPs.
Umushoferi wa EV akoresha porogaramu ya eMSP kugirango abone kandi yishyure kwishyurwa kuri sitasiyo ifite kandi ikoreshwa na CPO. CPO noneho yishyuza eMSP, nayo yishyuza umushoferi. Ibigo bimwe binini bikora nka CPO na eMSP.
Inshingano z'ingenzi z'abakozi bashinzwe kwishyuza
Kuba CPO birenze kure gushyira charger hasi. Uruhare rurimo gucunga ubuzima bwose bwumutungo wishyuza.
• Ibyuma nogushiraho:Ibi bitangirana no guhitamo urubuga. CPO isesengura uburyo bwumuhanda nibisabwa kugirango ubone ahantu wunguka. Noneho bagura kandi bagacunga kwishyiriraho charger, inzira igoye irimo impushya nakazi ka mashanyarazi.
• Gukoresha imiyoboro no kuyitaho:Amashanyarazi yamenetse yatakaye. CPO zifite inshingano zo gukora amasaha menshi, ubushakashatsi bwa Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika bugaragaza ko ari ikintu cyingenzi cyo kunyurwa n’abashoferi. Ibi bisaba gukurikirana kure, kwisuzumisha, no kohereza abatekinisiye kugirango basane aho.
• Ibiciro no kwishyuza: Abashinzwe kwishyuzashiraho igiciro cyo kwishyuza. Ibi birashobora kuba kuri kilowatt-isaha (kWh), kumunota, amafaranga yo kwiga neza, cyangwa guhuza. Bacunga neza fagitire hagati yurusobe rwabo na eMSP zitandukanye.
• Gucunga software:Ubu ni ubwonko bwa digitale yibikorwa. CPO ikoresha ubuhangaporogaramu ikoresha amafaranga, izwi nka Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza Sisitemu (CSMS), kugenzura imiyoboro yabo yose uhereye kumwanya umwe.
Icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi bwa CPO: Nigute abakoresha ba Charge Point bakora amafaranga?
Uwitekauburyo bwo kwishyuza ibikorwa byubucuruziiratera imbere, igenda irenga kugurisha ingufu zoroshye muburyo butandukanye bwinjiza. Gusobanukirwa n'inzira zinjira ni urufunguzo rwo kubaka umuyoboro wunguka.
Amafaranga yinjira mu buryo butaziguye
Nibigaragara cyane byinjira. CPO igura amashanyarazi muri komite ku giciro cyinshi kandi ikayigurisha umushoferi wa EV kuri marike. Kurugero, niba CPO ivanze nigiciro cyamashanyarazi ni $ 0.15 / kWt bakayigurisha $ 0.45 / kWt, batanga inyungu nini ku mbaraga ubwazo.
Amafaranga yo kuzerera no gukorana
Nta CPO ishobora kuba hose. Niyo mpamvu basinyana "amasezerano yo kuzerera" hamwe na eMSPs, bakemerera abakiriya bandi batanga gukoresha charger zabo. Ibi birashoboka kubipimo bifunguye nka Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP). Iyo umushoferi wo muri eMSP "A" akoresheje charger ya CPO "B", CPO "B" yinjiza amafaranga muri eMSP "A" kugirango yorohereze isomo.
Amafaranga y'Isomo no Kwiyandikisha
Usibye kugurisha ingufu, CPO nyinshi zisaba amafaranga atangiriye gutangiza icyiciro (urugero, $ 1.00 yo gucomeka). Barashobora kandi gutanga gahunda yo kwiyandikisha buri kwezi cyangwa yumwaka. Ku giciro cyiza, abafatabuguzi babona munsi ya kilowati cyangwa ku munota ku munota, bigashiraho abakiriya badahemuka kandi byinjira byinjira.
Inzira Zinyongera Zisohoka (Ibidashoboka)
CPO igezweho cyane ireba ibirenze kwinjiza amafaranga.
• Kwamamaza kurubuga:Amashanyarazi afite ecran ya digitale arashobora kwerekana amatangazo, agakora amafaranga menshi.
• Ubufatanye bwo gucuruza:CPO irashobora gufatanya nu iduka rya kawa cyangwa umucuruzi, igatanga kugabanywa kubashoferi bishyuza imodoka yabo. Umucuruzi yishura CPO kubisekuruza byayobora.
• Gusaba Gahunda yo Gusubiza:CPO irashobora gukorana ningirakamaro kugirango igabanye umuvuduko wumuriro murirusange mugihe cyo hejuru ya gride isabwa, yakira ubwishyu buturuka kumfashanyo yo gufasha guhagarika umurongo.
Nigute ushobora kuba umuyobozi wishyuza: Intambwe 5
Kwinjira ku isoko rya CPO bisaba gutegura neza no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba. Hano hari igishushanyo mbonera cyo kubaka umuyoboro wawe wo kwishyuza.
Intambwe ya 1: Sobanura ingamba zawe z'ubucuruzi na NicheNtushobora kuba byose kuri bose. Hitamo ku isoko ugamije.
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Kwishyuza rusange:Ahantu hacururizwa cyane cyangwa mumihanda. Ibi nibishora imari ariko bifite amahirwe menshi yo kwinjiza.
• Aho atuye:Gufatanya nainzuinyubako cyangwaagakingirizo(Amazu menshi). Ibi bitanga imbohe, isubiramo abakoresha.
• Aho ukorera:Kugurisha serivisi zo kwishyuza ibigo kubakozi babo.
• Amato:Gutanga ububiko bwihariye bwo kwishyuza amato yubucuruzi (urugero, amamodoka yo kugemura, tagisi). Iri ni isoko ryihuta cyane.
Intambwe ya 2: Guhitamo ibyuma no kugura urubugaGuhitamo ibyuma byawe biterwa niche yawe. Urwego 2 AC charger ziratunganijwe nezaaho bakoreracyangwa amazu aho imodoka zihagarara amasaha. Amashanyarazi ya DC yihuta (DCFC) nibyingenzi mumihanda nyabagendwa aho abashoferi bakeneye kwishyuza vuba. Uzakenera noneho kuganira na banyiri imitungo, ubaha haba amafaranga yubukode yagenwe buri kwezi cyangwa amasezerano yo kugabana amafaranga.
Intambwe ya 3: Hitamo urubuga rwa software rwa CSMSIwaweporogaramu ikoresha amafarangani igikoresho cyawe cyingenzi. Ihuriro rikomeye rya CSMS rigufasha gucunga ibintu byose kure: imiterere ya charger, amategeko agenga ibiciro, kwinjira kubakoresha, na raporo yimari. Mugihe uhisemo urubuga, shakisha OCPP kubahiriza, ubunini, hamwe nibisesengura bikomeye.
Intambwe ya 4: Kwishyiriraho, Gukoresha, no Guhuza ImiyoboroAha niho gahunda iba impamo. Uzakenera gukoresha amashanyarazi abifitemo uruhushya naba rwiyemezamirimo. Inzira ikubiyemo kubona ibyangombwa byaho, birashoboka kuzamura serivisi zamashanyarazi kurubuga, no guhuza nisosiyete ikora ibikorwa byaho kugirango sitasiyo itangwe kandi ihuze na gride.
Intambwe ya 5: Kwamamaza no gufatanya na eMSPsAmashanyarazi yawe nta gaciro afite niba ntanumwe ushobora kuyabona. Ugomba kubona amakuru yawe ya sitasiyo yanditse kuri porogaramu zose zikomeye za eMSP nka PlugShare, ChargeHub, na Ikarita ya Google. Gushiraho amasezerano yo kuzerera ni ngombwa kugirango umushoferi wese wa EV, atitaye kuri porogaramu yabo y'ibanze, ashobora gukoresha sitasiyo yawe.
Inyigo Yibanze: Kureba Hejuru ya Charge Point Operator Company
Kuri ubu isoko iyobowe na majoro menshiibigo byishyuza ibicuruzwa, buri kimwe gifite ingamba zitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa nicyitegererezo cyabo birashobora kugufasha gusobanura inzira yawe.
| Umukoresha | Icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi | Icyerekezo Cyibanze Cyisoko | Imbaraga |
| Amashanyarazi | Kugurisha ibyuma & software software kurubuga | Ahantu ukorera, Fleet, Gutura | Icyitegererezo cy'umutungo; ingano nini y'urusobe ku mubare w'amacomeka; urubuga rukomeye rwa software. |
| AmashanyaraziAmerika | Gutunga & Gukoresha umuyoboro wacyo | Rusange DC Kwishyuza Byihuse kumihanda minini | Amashanyarazi menshi (150-350kW); ubufatanye bukomeye nabakora amamodoka (urugero, VW). |
| EVgo | Gutunga & Gukora, yibanda ku bufatanye bwo gucuruza | Umujyi DC Kwishyuza byihuse ahantu hacururizwa | Ahantu hambere (supermarkets, amaduka); umuyoboro wambere wambere kuba 100% byongerewe ingufu. |
| Kwishyuza amaso | Ihinduka: Ifite & Irakora, cyangwa igurisha ibyuma | Bitandukanye, harimo rusange hamwe n’abatuye | Gukura gukabije binyuze mu kugura; itanga imishinga myinshi yubucuruzi kubafite imitungo. |
Ibibazo-byukuri byisi & amahirwe kuri CPO muri 2025
Nubwo amahirwe ari menshi-BloombergNEF iteganya ko tiriyari 1,6 z'amadorali azashorwa mu kwishyuza EV mu 2040 - inzira ntikabura ibibazo byayo.
Inzitizi (Kugenzura Ukuri):
• Umurwa mukuru wo hejuru (CAPEX):Amashanyarazi ya DC yihuta arashobora kugura kuva $ 40.000 kugeza hejuru ya 100.000 $ kuri buri gice cyo gushiraho. Kubona inkunga yambere ni inzitizi ikomeye.
• Gukoresha Intangiriro Yambere:Inyungu ya sitasiyo ihujwe neza nigihe ikoreshwa. Mu bice bifite EV nkeya yemewe, birashobora gufata imyaka kugirango sitasiyo ibone inyungu.
• Ibyiringiro byizewe hamwe nigihe gikwiye:Amashanyarazi yamanutse ni # 1 ikirego cyatanzwe nabashoferi ba EV. Kubungabunga urusobe rwibikoresho bigoye mugace ka geografiya nini nigikorwa kinini.
• Kuyobora Amabwiriza akomeye:Guhangana nibisabwa bitandukanye byuruhushya rwibisabwa, amategeko agenga uturere, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa bishobora gutera ubukererwe bukomeye.
Amahirwe (Ibihe bizaza):
• Amashanyarazi ya Fleet:Nka sosiyete nka Amazon, UPS, na FedEx amashanyarazi yaboamato, bazakenera ububiko bunini, bwizewe. Ibi bitanga CPOs hamwe nabakiriya bemewe, bafite amajwi menshi.
• Imodoka-Kuri-Grid (V2G) Ikoranabuhanga:Mu bihe biri imbere, CPO irashobora gukora nk'abakozi bahuza ingufu, bakoresheje imashini zaparitse kugirango bagurishe ingufu kuri gride mugihe gikenewe cyane kandi bashizeho uburyo bushya bwo kwinjiza amafaranga.
• Ibikorwa bya Leta:Gahunda nka Porogaramu y’ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi (NEVI) muri Amerika itanga amamiliyaridi y’amadolari yo gutera inkunga ikiguzi cyo kubaka sitasiyo nshya yishyuza, bikagabanya cyane inzitizi z’ishoramari.
• Gukoresha amakuru:Amakuru yatanzwe kuva kwishyuza afite agaciro kadasanzwe. CPO irashobora gusesengura aya makuru kugirango ifashe abadandaza kumva urujya n'uruza rwabakiriya cyangwa gufasha imijyi guteganya ibikenerwa remezo bizaza.
Guhinduka CPO nubucuruzi bukwiye kuri wewe?
Ibimenyetso birasobanutse: icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza EV kiziyongera gusa. Guhinduka aushinzwe kwishyuzaigushyira kuri epicenter yiyi mpinduka.
Intsinzi muriyi nganda ntikiri gusa gutanga plug. Birasaba uburyo buhanitse, buhanga-buhanga. Gutsindaabashinzwe kwishyuzamu myaka icumi iri imbere hazaba abahisemo ahantu hateganijwe, bashyire imbere ibikorwa byiza kandi byizewe, kandi bakoreshe software ikomeye kugirango bahuze imiyoboro yabo kandi batange uburambe bwubushoferi butagira inenge.
Umuhanda uragoye, ariko kubafite ingamba nicyerekezo cyiza, gukoresha ibikorwa remezo bitanga ejo hazaza h'amashanyarazi ni amahirwe yubucuruzi ntagereranywa.
Inkomoko yemewe & Gusoma Ibindi
1.Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA)- Global EV Outlook 2025 Amakuru na Projection:
• Ihuza:https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2025
Ishami rishinzwe ingufu- Ubundi buryo bwa mazutu Data Centre (AFDC), EV Ibikorwa Remezo:
• Ihuza:https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/amashanyarazi_ibikorwa remezo.html
3.BloombergNEF (BNEF)- Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi Outlook 2025 Raporo Incamake:
• Ihuza:https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook/
Ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu- Gahunda y’ibikorwa Remezo by’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi (NEVI): Uru nirwo rupapuro rwemewe kandi rugezweho muri gahunda ya NEVI, ruyobowe nubuyobozi bukuru bw’imihanda.
• Ihuza: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ibidukikije/nevi/
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-01-2025