Hamwe nimodoka nyinshi kandi nyinshi zamashanyarazi (EV) kumuhanda, gushora imari muri sitasiyo yumuriro bisa nkubucuruzi bwizewe. Ariko se mubyukuri aribyo? Gusuzuma nezaEV yamashanyarazi roi, ugomba kureba kure cyane kuruta uko wabitekereza. Ntabwo ari ibya gusaigiciro cya sitasiyo, ariko kandi igihe kirekireEV kwishyuza inyungu zubucuruzi. Abashoramari benshi basimbukamo ingufu kubera ishyaka, gusa bakishora mubibazo kubera kutamenya nabi ibiciro, amafaranga yinjira, nibikorwa.
Tuzaguha urwego rusobanutse rwo guca igihu cyo kwamamaza hanyuma ugere kumurongo wikibazo. Tuzatangirana na formula yoroshye hanyuma twibire muri buri gihinduka kigira ingaruka kumyungu yawe. Iyo formula ni:
Garuka ku ishoramari (ROI) = (Amafaranga yinjira buri mwaka - Amafaranga yo gukoresha buri mwaka) / Igiciro cyose cyishoramari
Birasa naho byoroshye, sibyo? Ariko satani ari muburyo burambuye. Mu bice bikurikira, tuzakunyura muri buri gice cyiyi formula, turebe ko udatekereza buhumyi ahubwo ushora ubwenge, bushingiye kumakuru. Waba uri nyiri hoteri, umuyobozi wumutungo, cyangwa umushoramari wigenga, iki gitabo kizahinduka agaciro gakomeye kumeza yawe yo gufata ibyemezo.
EV Kwishyuza Sitasiyo: Ishoramari rikwiye mubucuruzi?
Iki ntabwo ari ikibazo cyoroshye "yego" cyangwa "oya". Nishoramari rirerire rifite amahirwe menshi yo kugaruka cyane, ariko risaba urwego rwo hejuru rwingamba, guhitamo urubuga, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora.
Ukuri n Ibiteganijwe: Impamvu Yagarutse Yinshi Atatanzwe
Abashoramari benshi bashobora kubona gusa ibinyabiziga bigenda byiyongera, birengagije ibintu bigoye inyuma yinyungu nyinshi. Inyungu yubucuruzi bwishyuza biterwa no gukoresha cyane, ibyo bikaba biterwa nibintu byinshi nkahantu, ingamba zo kugena ibiciro, amarushanwa, hamwe nuburambe bwabakoresha.
Gusa "kubaka sitasiyo" no gutegereza ko abashoferi bagaragara mu buryo bwikora nimpamvu ikunze kugaragara kunanirwa ishoramari. Hatabayeho igenamigambi ryitondewe, sitasiyo yawe yishyuza irashobora kwicara ubusa igihe kinini, idashobora kubyara amafaranga ahagije kugirango yishyure ibiciro byayo.
Icyerekezo gishya: Guhindura kuva "Ibicuruzwa" ukajya "Ibikorwa Remezo" Imitekerereze
Abashoramari batsinze ntibabona sitasiyo yo kwishyuza nk "ibicuruzwa" bigomba kugurishwa. Ahubwo, babibona nka "micro-remezo" isaba gukora igihe kirekire no gukora neza. Ibi bivuze ko intumbero yawe igomba kuva kuri "Nshobora kuyigurisha angahe?" kubibazo byimbitse bikora:
• Nigute nshobora gukoresha cyane umutungo?Ibi birimo kwiga imyitwarire y'abakoresha, guhitamo ibiciro, no gukurura abashoferi benshi.
• Nigute nshobora gucunga ibiciro by'amashanyarazi kugirango menye inyungu?Ibi bikubiyemo kuvugana na societe yingirakamaro no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kugirango wirinde igipimo cy’amashanyarazi.
• Nigute nshobora gukora amafaranga ahoraho binyuze muri serivisi zongerewe agaciro?Ibi bishobora kubamo gahunda zabanyamuryango, ubufatanye bwo kwamamaza, cyangwa ubufatanye nubucuruzi bwegereye.
Ihinduka mubitekerezo ni intambwe yambere yingenzi itandukanya abashoramari basanzwe nabakora neza.
Nigute ushobora kubara inyungu ku ishoramari (ROI) kuri EV yishyuza?
Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kubara nibyingenzi mugusuzuma niba ishoramari rishoboka. Mugihe twatanze formulaire, gusobanukirwa ibisobanuro nyabyo bya buri kintu ni ngombwa.
Inzira shingiro: ROI = (Amafaranga yinjira buri mwaka - Amafaranga yo gukoresha buri mwaka) / Igiciro cyose cyishoramari
Reka twongere dusubiremo iyi formula kandi dusobanure neza buri gihinduka:
• Igiciro cyose cyishoramari (I):Igiteranyo cyimbere, amafaranga yigihe kimwe, kuva kugura ibyuma kugeza kurangiza kubaka.
Amafaranga yinjira buri mwaka (R):Amafaranga yose yinjizwa binyuze muri serivisi yo kwishyuza nubundi buryo mugihe cyumwaka umwe.
• Amafaranga yo gukoresha buri mwaka (O):Amafaranga yose akomeje asabwa kugirango akomeze imikorere isanzwe ya sitasiyo yumwaka umwe.
Icyerekezo gishya: Agaciro ka formula ibeshya mubihinduka byukuri - Witondere "Optimistic" Kubara Kumurongo
Isoko ryuzuyemo "EV Charging Station ROI Calculators" itandukanye ikuyobora kwinjiza amakuru yatanzwe, biganisha ku gisubizo cyiza cyane. Ibuka ukuri kworoshye: "Imyanda, imyanda hanze."
Ibiharuro ntibikunze kugusaba gusuzuma impinduka zingenzi nkakuzamura amashanyarazi, amafaranga ya software buri mwaka, cyangwagusaba amafaranga. Inshingano yibanze yiki gitabo nugufasha gusobanukirwa amakuru yihishe inyuma ya buri gihinduka, igushoboza gukora igereranya rifatika.
Ibintu bitatu byingenzi byerekana intsinzi ya ROI cyangwa gutsindwa
Urwego rwaweSitasiyo yumuriro ROIbirangiye bigenwa no guhuza ibintu bitatu byingenzi: uko igishoro cyawe cyose ari kinini, uko amafaranga winjiza ari menshi, nuburyo ushobora kugenzura ibiciro byawe.
Ikintu cya 1: Igiciro cyose cyishoramari ("I") - Gufungura Byose "Munsi ya Iceberg"
Uwitekaigiciro cyo kwishyiriraho sitasiyo yo kwishyuzairenze kure ibyuma ubwabyo. ByuzuyeUbucuruzi bwa EV Charger Igiciro nogushirahoingengo yimari igomba gushyiramo ibintu byose bikurikira:
• Ibikoresho byuma:Ibi bivuga sitasiyo yishyuza ubwayo, izwi kandi nkumwugaIbikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi (EVSE). Igiciro cyacyo kiratandukanye cyane kubwoko.
• Kwubaka no kubaka:Aha niho "ibiciro byihishe" binini. Harimo ubushakashatsi bwimbuga, gutobora no gukoresha insinga, gushiraho urubuga, gushiraho amabuye arinda, gushushanya umwanya wa parikingi, hamwe nibintu bikomeye kandi bihenze:kuzamura amashanyarazi. Ku mbuga zimwe na zimwe zishaje, ikiguzi cyo kuzamura transformateur hamwe nu mashanyarazi birashobora no kurenza ikiguzi cya sitasiyo yishyuza ubwayo.
• Porogaramu na Network:Sitasiyo zigezweho zigezweho zigomba guhuzwa numuyoboro kandi zikagenzurwa na sisitemu yo gucunga inyuma (CSMS). Ibi mubisanzwe bisaba kwishyura inshuro imwe yo gushiraho kandi birakomezaamafaranga yo kwiyandikisha buri mwaka. Guhitamo kwiringirwaUmuyobozi ushinzwe kwishyuzagucunga umuyoboro ni ngombwa.
• Ibiciro byoroshye:Ibi birimo gushaka injeniyeriIgishushanyo mbonera cya sitasiyo, gusaba uruhushya rwo kubaka rutangwa na leta, n'amafaranga yo gucunga imishinga.
Kugereranya Ibiciro: Urwego 2 AC na DC Amashanyarazi Yihuta (DCFC)
Kugirango uguhe ibisobanuro byimbitse, imbonerahamwe ikurikira iragereranya imiterere yikiguzi cyubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwa sitasiyo:
| Ingingo | Urwego rwa 2 Amashanyarazi | Amashanyarazi yihuta (DCFC) |
| Igiciro cyibikoresho | $ 500 - $ 7,000 kuri buri gice | $ 25.000 - $ 100,000 + kuri buri gice |
| Igiciro cyo Kwinjiza | $ 2000 - $ 15.000 | $ 20.000 - $ 150.000 + |
| Imbaraga zikeneye | Hasi (7-19 kW) | Byinshi cyane (50-350 + kW), akenshi bisaba kuzamura gride |
| Porogaramu / Amafaranga y'urusobe | Bisa (kuri buri cyambu) | Bisa (kuri buri cyambu) |
| Koresha Urubanza | Ibiro, aho uba, amahoteri (guhagarara umwanya muremure) | Umuhanda munini, ibigo bicuruza (byihuse-hejuru) |
| Ingaruka kuri ROI | Hasi yambere ishoramari, birashoboka igihe gito cyo kwishyura | Amafaranga yinjiza menshi, ariko ishoramari rinini ryambere hamwe ningaruka nyinshi |
Ikintu cya 2: Amafaranga yinjira nagaciro ("R") - Ubuhanzi bwo Kwinjiza Bitaziguye nagaciro kitaziguye-Ongeraho
Kwishyuza sitasiyo yinjiraInkomoko ni byinshi; ubushishozi kubahuza ni urufunguzo rwo kuzamura ROI.
• Amafaranga yinjira mu buryo butaziguye:
Ingamba zo Kugena Ibiciro:Urashobora kwishyuza ingufu zikoreshwa (/ kWh), mugihe (/ isaha), kumasomo (Amafaranga yo Kwiga), cyangwa ugakoresha icyitegererezo. Ingamba zifatika zifatika nizo gukurura abakoresha no kugera ku nyungu.
Agaciro Kutaziguye (Icyerekezo gishya):Iki nikirombe cya zahabu abashoramari benshi birengagiza. Sitasiyo yo kwishyuza ntabwo ari ibikoresho byinjira gusa; nibikoresho bikomeye byo gutwara traffic traffic no kuzamura agaciro.
Abacuruzi / Amaduka:Kurura abakoresha amafaranga menshi ya EV kandi wongere cyaneIgihe cyo gutura, bityo kuzamura ibicuruzwa bigurishwa. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abakiriya ahantu hacururizwa hamwe nibikoresho byo kwishyuza bafite amafaranga menshi yo gukoresha.
Kuri Hoteri / Restaurants:Ba inyungu zinyuranye zikurura abakiriya bo murwego rwo hejuru, kuzamura ishusho yikimenyetso hamwe nikigereranyo cyabakiriya. Benshi mubafite EV bashira imbere amahoteri atanga serivise zo kwishyuza mugihe bategura inzira zabo.
Kubiro / Imiryango ituye:Nkibyingenzi byingenzi, byongera agaciro kumitungo no gukundwa kubakodesha cyangwa banyiri amazu. Mu masoko menshi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, sitasiyo yo kwishyuza yabaye "ibintu bisanzwe" aho kuba "amahitamo."
Ikintu cya 3: Igiciro cyo Gukora ("O") - "Umwicanyi Wicecekeye" Yangiza Inyungu
Ibiciro bikomeza gukora bigira ingaruka ku nyungu zawe. Niba bidacunzwe neza, birashobora kurya buhoro buhoro ibyo winjiza byose.
Ibiciro by'amashanyarazi:Nibikorwa byinshi byo gukoresha. Muri bo,Gusaba Amafaranganibyo ukeneye kwitondera cyane. Zishyurwa zishingiye kumikoreshereze yawe yingufu mugihe runaka, ntabwo ukoresha ingufu zawe zose. Amashanyarazi menshi yihuta atangirira icyarimwe arashobora kuganisha kumajuru-asabwa cyane, ahita ahanagura inyungu zawe.
• Kubungabunga no gusana:Ibikoresho bikenera kugenzurwa no gusanwa buri gihe kugirango bikore neza. Amafaranga yo gusana hanze-garanti agomba gushyirwa mubikorwa.
• Serivise y'urusobe n'amafaranga yo gutunganya:Imiyoboro myinshi yishyuza yishyuza serivisi nkijanisha ryinjiza, kandi hariho n'amafaranga yo kugurisha amakarita yinguzanyo.
Nigute ushobora kuzamura muburyo bugaragara kugaruka kwa EV kuri sitasiyo yawe?
Sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho imaze kubakwa, haracyari icyumba kinini cyo gukora neza. Ingamba zikurikira zirashobora kugufasha kwinjiza amafaranga menshi no kugenzura neza ibiciro.
Ingamba 1: Koresha Inkunga yo Guhitamo Ibiciro Kuva Tangira
Saba cyane kubishoboka byosegushigikira leta hamwe n'inguzanyo z'imisoro. Ibi bikubiyemo gahunda zitandukanye zo gutera inkunga zitangwa na reta, leta, ninzego zibanze, hamwe namasosiyete yingirakamaro. Inkunga irashobora kugabanya mu buryo butaziguye ikiguzi cyawe cyambere cyo gushora 30% -80% cyangwa irenga, ibi bikaba intambwe nziza cyane yo kuzamura ROI yawe. Ubushakashatsi no gusaba inkunga bigomba kuba ibyambere mugihe cyambere cyo gutegura.
Incamake y'ibikorwa by'ingoboka by'ingenzi muri Amerika (Inyongera yemewe)
Kuguha ibisobanuro birambuye, dore zimwe muri politiki nkuru yingoboka muri Amerika:
Urwego rwa Leta:
Ubundi Inguzanyo y'Ibikorwa Remezo by'inguzanyo (30C):Iki ni kimwe mu bigize itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga. Ku bigo byubucuruzi, iki gikorwa gitanga ainguzanyo y'imisoro igera kuri 30%kubiciro byibikoresho byemewe byo kwishyuza, hamwe na cap ya100.000 $ kumushinga. Ibi bishingiye kumushinga wujuje umushahara wiganje umushahara hamwe nibisabwa byo kwimenyereza umwuga hamwe na sitasiyo iri mubice byagenwe byinjiza amafaranga make cyangwa mumijyi.
Gahunda y'ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi y'igihugu (NEVI):Iyi ni gahunda nini ya miliyari 5 z'amadolari agamije gushyiraho umuyoboro uhuza amashanyarazi yihuta ku mihanda minini mu gihugu. Porogaramu ikwirakwiza amafaranga binyuze muri guverinoma za leta muburyo bwimpano, zishobora kwishyura hafi 80% yikiguzi cyumushinga.
Urwego rwa Leta:
Buri gihugu gifite gahunda yacyo yigenga yo gushimangira. Kurugero,Gahunda ya "Charge Yiteguye NY 2.0" ya New Yorkitanga kugabanyirizwa ibihumbi byinshi byamadorari kuri buri cyambu kubucuruzi no gutura mumiryango myinshi ushyiraho charger yo murwego rwa 2.Californiaitanga kandi gahunda zimpano zinyuze muri komisiyo ishinzwe ingufu (CEC).
Urwego rwibanze & Ingirakamaro:
Ntukirengagize isosiyete ikora ibikorwa byaho. Kugirango ushishikarize gukoresha gride mugihe cyamasaha yumunsi, ibigo byinshi bitanga kugabanyirizwa ibikoresho, gusuzuma tekinike kubuntu, cyangwa nibiciro byihariye byo kwishyuza. Kurugero ,.Akarere ka Sakramento Akoresha Uturere (SMUD)itanga charger yo kwishyiriraho abakiriya mukarere kayo.
Ingamba 2: Shyira mubikorwa ibiciro byubwenge no gucunga imizigo
• Kwishyuza neza no gucunga imizigo:Koresha software kugirango wishyure ibinyabiziga mugihe cyamasaha yumunsi cyangwa uhindure imbaraga zumuriro ukurikije umutwaro wa gride. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwibanze bwa tekiniki bwo kwirinda "amafaranga menshi yo gusaba." Ikora nezaImicungire yimitwaro ya EVSisitemu nigikoresho cyingenzi kuri sitasiyo yumuriro mwinshi.
• Ingamba zihamye zo kugena ibiciro:Ongera ibiciro mumasaha yumunsi kandi ubigabanye mugihe cyigihe cyo hejuru kugirango uyobore abakoresha kwishyuza mugihe gitandukanye, bityo ukoreshe umunsi wose ukoresha ninjiza yose. Igihe kimwe, shiraho gushyira mu gaciroAmafaranga Yubusaguhana ibinyabiziga bikomeza guhagarara nyuma yo kwishyurwa byuzuye, kugirango hongerwe umwanya wa parikingi.
Ingamba ya 3: Kongera uburambe bwabakoresha no kugaragara kugirango bakoreshe byinshi
• Ahantu ni Umwami:NibyizaIgishushanyo mbonera cya sitasiyoisuzuma ibisobanuro byose. Menya neza ko sitasiyo ifite umutekano, yaka cyane, ifite ibyapa bisobanutse, kandi byoroshye ibinyabiziga kuyigeraho.
• Uburambe butagira akagero:Tanga ibikoresho byizewe, amabwiriza asobanutse neza, nuburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyura (Porogaramu, ikarita yinguzanyo, NFC). Uburambe bumwe bwo kwishyuza burashobora kugutera kubura umukiriya burundu.
• Kwamamaza hakoreshejwe Digital:Menya neza ko sitasiyo yawe yishyuza iri kurutonde rwikarita yo kwishyuza (nka PlugShare, Ikarita ya Google, Ikarita ya Apple), kandi ucunge neza ibyo ukoresha kugirango yubake izina ryiza.
Inyigo: Kubara-Isi ROI Kubara Hotel Boutique yo muri Amerika
Igitekerezo kigomba kugeragezwa mubikorwa. Reka tunyure mubushakashatsi bwihariye kugirango twigane inzira yuzuye yimari ya hoteri ya butike ishyiraho sitasiyo zishyuza mumujyi wa Austin, Texas.
Urugero:
• Aho uherereye:Hoteri ya butike y'ibyumba 100 yibanda kubagenzi bakora ingendo-nyabagendwa.
• Intego:Nyiri hoteri, Sarah, arashaka gukurura abakiriya benshi bafite agaciro kanini batwara EV kandi bagashiraho uburyo bushya bwo kwinjiza.
• Gahunda:Shyiramo ibyambu 2 byicyiciro cya 2 AC charger (ibyambu 4 byishyuza byose) muri parikingi ya hoteri.
Intambwe ya 1: Kubara Igiciro Cyambere Cyishoramari
| Ikiguzi | Ibisobanuro | Umubare (USD) |
|---|---|---|
| Igiciro cyibikoresho | Ibyiciro bibiri-byicyiciro Urwego 2 AC charger @ $ 6,000 / ubumwe | $ 12.000 |
| Igiciro cyo Kwinjiza | Imirimo y'amashanyarazi, insinga, impushya, kuzamura imbaho, ibikorwa, nibindi. | $ 16,000 |
| Gushiraho software | Igihe kimwe cyo gukoresha umurongo wa enterineti @ $ 500 / ubumwe | $ 1.000 |
| Ishoramari rusange | Mbere yo gusaba inkunga | $ 29.000 |
Intambwe ya 2: Saba ibyifuzo byo kugabanya ibiciro
| Gutera inkunga | Ibisobanuro | Kugabanuka (USD) |
|---|---|---|
| Inguzanyo ya Federal 30C | 30% ya $ 29,000 (tuvuge ko ibisabwa byose byujujwe) | $ 8.700 |
| Gusubiramo Ibikorwa Byibanze | Austin Ingufu zo kugarura gahunda @ $ 1.500 / icyambu | $ 6.000 |
| Ishoramari ryiza | Igiciro cyukuri kitari mu mufuka | $ 14.300 |
Mu gusaba cyane inkunga, Sarah yagabanije igishoro cye cya mbere kiva ku $ 30.000 kigera ku $ 14.300. Iyi niyo ntambwe ikomeye cyane mukuzamura ROI.
Intambwe ya 3: Iteganya kwinjiza buri mwaka
• Ibitekerezo by'ibanze:
Buri cyambu cyo kwishyuza gikoreshwa inshuro 2 kumunsi mugereranije.
Impuzandengo yo kwishyuza igihe cyamasaha 3.
Igiciro gishyirwa $ 0.30 kuri kilowatt-isaha (kWt).
Imbaraga za charger ni kilowat 7 (kilowati).
• Kubara:
Amasaha Yumunsi Yishyurwa:Ibyambu 4 * amasomo 2 / umunsi * amasaha 3 / isomo = amasaha 24
Ingufu zose za buri munsi zagurishijwe:Amasaha 24 * 7 kW = 168 kWt
Amafaranga yinjira buri munsi:168 kWh * $ 0.30 / kWh = $ 50.40
Amafaranga yinjira buri mwaka:$ 50.40 * iminsi 365 =$ 18.396
Intambwe ya 4: Kubara Amafaranga yo Gukoresha Buri mwaka
| Ikiguzi | Kubara | Umubare (USD) |
|---|---|---|
| Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi | 168 kWt / umunsi * iminsi 365 * $ 0.12 / kWt (igipimo cyubucuruzi) | $ 7.358 |
| Amafaranga ya software & Network | $ 20 / ukwezi / icyambu * ibyambu 4 * amezi 12 | $ 960 |
| Kubungabunga | 1% byibyuma bigura nkingengo yumwaka | $ 120 |
| Amafaranga yo gutunganya | 3% byinjira | $ 552 |
| Amafaranga Yumwaka Yokoresha | Umubare w'amafaranga yose yo gukora | $ 8,990 |
Intambwe ya 5: Kubara ROI Yanyuma nigihe cyo Kwishura
• Inyungu Yumwaka:
$ 18.396 (Amafaranga yinjira buri mwaka) - $ 8,990 (Amafaranga yo gukoresha buri mwaka) =$ 9,406
• Garuka ku ishoramari (ROI):
($ 9,406 / $ 14,300) * 100% =65.8%
• Igihe cyo kwishyura:
$ 14.300 (Ishoramari Ryiza) / $ 9,406 (Inyungu Yumwaka) =Imyaka 1.52
Umwanzuro w'urubanza:Muri ibi bintu bifatika, ukoresheje uburyo bwo gushimangira no gushyiraho ibiciro bifatika, hoteri ya Sarah ntishobora kongera gushora imari mu gihe cyumwaka nigice gusa ahubwo ishobora no kwinjiza hafi $ 10,000 inyungu zunguka buri mwaka nyuma yaho. Icy'ingenzi cyane, ibi ntibikubiyemo agaciro kitaziguye kazanywe nabashyitsi biyongereye bakururwa na sitasiyo yo kwishyuza.
Icyerekezo gishya: Kwinjiza amakuru yisesengura mubikorwa bya buri munsi
Abakoresha bakomeje gusesengura amakuru yinyuma kugirango bamenyeshe ibyemezo byabo byiza. Ugomba kwitondera:
• Igipimo cyo gukoresha n'amasaha yo hejuru kuri buri cyambu cyo kwishyuza.
Impuzandengo yo kwishyuza igihe no gukoresha ingufu kubakoresha.
• Ingaruka zingamba zinyuranye zigena amafaranga yinjira.
Mugihe ufata ibyemezo bishingiye kumakuru, urashobora guhora utezimbere ibikorwa kandi ugahora utezimbere ibyaweSitasiyo yumuriro ROI.
ROI ni Marato yingamba, Guhitamo Urubuga, no Gukora Byitondewe
Ubushobozi bwo kugaruka gushora mumashanyarazi yumuriro wamashanyarazi nukuri, ariko ntabwo byoroshye kubigeraho. ROI yatsinze ntabwo ibaho kubwamahirwe; biva mubuyobozi bwitondewe muburyo bwose bwibiciro, amafaranga yinjira, nibikorwa. Ntabwo ari kwiruka, ahubwo ni marato isaba kwihangana n'ubwenge.
Twandikire uyu munsikugirango wige kubyerekeye inyungu ku ishoramari (ROI) kuri sitasiyo yawe ya EV. Nyuma, turashobora kuguha igereranyo cyikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2025