Mugihe isi igenda yerekeza ku bwikorezi burambye, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) bigenda biba igice cyimiterere yimodoka. Hamwe niyi mpinduka, ibyifuzo byizewe kandi nezaamashanyarazi yamashanyaraziyiyongereye, biganisha ku iterambere ryibisubizo bitandukanye bya EV. Niba uri nyirurugo uteganya gushiraho anIkibanza, nyir'ubucuruzi ushaka gutanga sitasiyo yo kwishyuza, cyangwa amatsiko gusa yukuntuamashanyaraziimirimo, gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa nibisabwa nibyingenzi.
Imbonerahamwe Ibirimo
1. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'amashanyarazi ni iki?
Anamashanyarazi yamashanyarazini isoko yihariye yagenewe kwishyuza bateri yikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi (EV). Ba injeniyeri bateguye socket kugirango batange imbaraga kuriimodoka y'amashanyarazi. Ibyo babikora babinyujije mumashanyarazi. Uyu mugozi uhuza imodoka naamashanyarazi.
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byo kwishyuza bya EV, bihuye ninzego zitandukanye zumuvuduko wumuriro na voltage. Inzego zisanzwe zishyurwa niUrwego 1naUrwego 2.Urwego 3ni uburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza buboneka kuri sitasiyo yubucuruzi.
Ibisanzweamashanyaraziirashobora gukorakwishyuza imodokarimwe na rimwe. Nyamara, imiyoboro yihariye ya EV ni nziza yo kwishyuza neza. Baremeza kandi umutekano no guhuza na sisitemu yo kwishyuza imodoka.
Guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwaIkibanzaurugo rwawe cyangwa ubucuruzi ni ngombwa. Ibi bifasha imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi kwishyuza neza kandi neza.
2. Ubwoko bwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwo gusohoka kuriKwishyuza. Buri bwoko butanga umuvuduko wo kwishyuza kandi bukorana nibinyabiziga bitandukanye.
240-Umuyoboro wa Volt Kumodoka Yamashanyarazi
Uwiteka240-volt ya EV isohokanigisubizo cyiganjemo imiturire yo gutura, kugwa munsi yurwego rwa 2 AC yo kwishyuza. Itanga kwishyurwa byihuse ugereranije na 120-volt isanzwe yo hanze. Ibicuruzwa 240V mubisanzwe biva kuri16A kugeza 80A amanota, igena ingufu zabo zisohoka (hafi 3.8kW kugeza 19.2kW). Bitewe naimikorere yimodoka hamwe nu rutonde rwimbaraga za EVSE, 240V kwishyuza bitanga ikigereranyoIbirometero 18 kugeza kuri 60 by'isaha. Byibanze, ibikoresho byose byo murwego rwa 2 bigomba gukoreshaSAE J1772 ihuza bisanzwe(muri Amerika ya ruguru), kandi kwishyiriraho bigomba kubahiriza byimazeyoAmategeko y’igihugu y’amashanyarazi (NEC) Ingingo ya 625. By'umwihariko,NEC 210.19 (A) (1)itegeka ko EVSE ifatwa nka aumutwaro uhoraho, bisaba kuzenguruka no kurinda ibikoresho kubaigipimo kuri 125% yikigereranyo cyacyo gikomeza.
A.240vibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora kuguha ibirometero 10 kugeza kuri 60 kurisaha. Ibi biterwa nimbaraga zisohoka nubushobozi bwimodoka. Gushiraho a240-volt isohokamuri garage yawe cyangwa umwanya waparika nuburyo bwubwenge bwo kwishyuza imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi. Ibi byemeza ko byishyuye ijoro ryose kandi byiteguye gutwara mugitondo.
Urwego rwa 2 Amashanyarazi
Ibisanzweamashanyaraziirashobora gukorakwishyuza imodokarimwe na rimwe. Nyamara, imiyoboro yihariye ya EV ni nziza yo kwishyuza neza. Baremeza kandi umutekano no guhuza na sisitemu yo kwishyuza imodoka.
Guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwaIkibanzaurugo rwawe cyangwa ubucuruzi ni ngombwa. Ibi bifasha imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi kwishyuza neza kandi neza.
A.Urwego rwa 2 rwerekana amashanyarazini nka a240-volt isohoka kumodoka zamashanyarazi. Ariko, abayikora barayishushanyije kuri sitasiyo yumuriro mwinshi.
Abantu mubisanzwe bakoresha urwego rwa 2 kubibanza byo guturamo, kubucuruzi, no kwishyuza rusange. Bishyuza byihuse kuruta gusohoka 120-volt isanzwe.
Mubisanzwe bongeraho ibirometero 10 na 60 kuri buri saha yo kwishyuza. Ibi biterwa na charger hamwe n imodoka.
A.Urwego rwa 2 rwerekana amashanyarazibisaba kwishyiriraho umwuga numashanyarazi wabiherewe uruhushya kugirango yizere ko yujuje kode yumuriro nubuziranenge bwumutekano.
Imodoka ya charger yimodoka
AnImodoka ya charger yimodokani ijambo ryagutse ryerekeza ahantu hose hashobora gukoreshwa mu kwishyuza imodoka y'amashanyarazi. Ibi bishobora kubamoUrwego 1naUrwego 2kwishyuza.
Nyamara, abafite EV benshi bahitamoUrwego rwa 2s murugo. Bahitamo Urwego rwa 2 kuko rwihuta kandi neza. UwitekaImodoka ya charger yimodokaifite ibintu byingenzi byo kwishyuza neza kandi neza. Ibi birimo kurinda amakosa yubutaka, kurinda birenze urugero, hamwe nubutaka bukwiye.
EV Ibisabwa no Kwakira Ibisabwa
AnKwakirani ikibanza aho insinga zishyuza zihuza naamashanyarazi. Kureka umugozi ucomeka kurukuta rwubatswe. Abashushanya bagomba gukoraEV kwishyuzagukemura ingufu za bateri yikinyabiziga. Ugomba gusuzuma byinshiEV ibisabwamugihe uhisemo gusohoka kugirango ushyire.
Ibisabwa by'ingenzi birimo:
•Umuyoboro uhuza: Isohoka rigomba guhuza na voltage ikenewe ya EV, yaba sisitemu ya 120V, 240V, cyangwa 480V.
•Ubwoko bwa NEMA bwakirwa na Amperage Urutonde:Ubwoko bwa EV bwakirwa cyane muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru niNEMA 14-50(mubisanzwe bikoreshwa kuri 40A ikomeza kwishyurwa, bisaba kumena 50A) naNEMA 6-50. Guhitamo nezaIboneza rya NEMAni ngombwa, nkuko bigena mu buryo butaziguye iigipimo cya amperage, bigira ingaruka zombi zo kwishyuza n'umutekano wa sisitemu.
•Impamvu:Guhagarara neza ni ngombwa kubwumutekano. Ugomba guhagarika neza amashanyarazi ya EV kugirango wirinde ingaruka z'amashanyarazi.
•Kurinda ikirere:Kubikoresho byo hanze, birinda ikirereImashanyarazini ngombwa kurinda imvura nubushuhe.
3. Ni gute ibikoresho byo kwishyuza bya EV bikora?
Ihame ryakazi ryibicuruzwa bya EV biroroshye rwose ariko bishingiye kumutekano uhambaye hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu. Iyo ucometse mumashanyarazi ya EV yimodoka, inzira ikurikira iraba:
Amashanyarazi:Umugozi wumuriro umaze gucomeka mumodoka, isohoka ritanga ingufu kumashanyarazi ya EV. Iyi charger ihindura ingufu za AC kuva isohoka ikagera kuri DC kugirango yishyure bateri yikinyabiziga.
Inzira z'umutekano:Uwitekaamashanyaraziirinda umutekano mugukurikirana ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Niba hari ikibazo kijyanye no gusohoka cyangwa kwishyuza, sisitemu izaca amashanyarazi. Ibi bifasha gukumira ibyangiritse cyangwa impanuka zidashyuha cyane cyangwa amashanyarazi.
Igenzura ry'amafaranga:Ikinyabiziga gishyikirana n’icyuma cyo kwishyuza kugirango hamenyekane umuvuduko ukwiye wo kwishyuza. Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya EV bifite ibintu byubwenge. Ibi biranga reka bahindure igipimo cyo kwishyuza ukurikije ubushobozi bwikinyabiziga nimbaraga ziboneka.
Kwishyuza Kurangiza:Iyo bateri yikinyabiziga igeze kumuriro wuzuye, isohoka rihagarika gutanga amashanyarazi. Ibi birashobora kubaho mu buryo bwikora cyangwa mugihe umushoferi akoresheje porogaramu igendanwa cyangwa ikinyabiziga kibaho.
4. Ibitekerezo byingenzi mugihe ushyira hanze EV
Gushiraho anamashanyarazibisaba igenamigambi ryitondewe kugirango umutekano, imikorere, no kubahiriza kode y'amashanyarazi yaho. Kurenga umutekano wibanze, turasaba kwemeza a“Guhitamo ibiciro no kwerekana ejo hazaza” Urwego rwo gutoranya:
Ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi n'ibikorwa by'ibiciro
Kugenzura inzu yawe cyangwa inyubakoubushobozi bw'amashanyarazini ngombwa. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mumazu ashaje nukoicyuma gikuru cyamashanyarazi gishobora gusaba kuzamurwa(kuva 100A kugeza 200A) kugirango ushyigikire urwego 2. Uwitekaigiciro cyo kuzamura ikibanza nyamukuru(mubisanzwe kuva $ 1.500 kugeza $ 4.500) akenshi nigice kinini cyaigiciro cyose cyo kwishyiriraho.
Aho biherereye
Hitamo ahantu hafi ya parikingi yawe cyangwa igaraje. Isoko igomba kuba hafi yicyambu cyawe cyishyuza. Niba uyishira hanze, ugomba kuyirinda ikirere.
Ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi
Reba inzu yawe cyangwa inyubakoubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi. Ibi bizagufasha kureba niba bishobora gushyigikira umutwaro winyongera wa anImashanyarazi ya EV. Inzira yabugenewe kandi ikwiyewiringni nkenerwa mugushiraho umutekano.
Uruhushya n'amabwiriza
Mu bice byinshi, uzakenera uruhushya rwo gushiraho anImodoka ya charger yimodoka. Guha akazi amashanyarazi abifitemo uruhushya ni ngombwa. Bagomba kumenya amategeko yaho kandi bagashobora gucunga impapuro.
Ibihe bizaza
Reba nibaIkibanzaizahaza ibyo ukeneye mugihe kizaza. Mugihe imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi cyangwa amato ya EV ikura, urashobora gukenera kuzamura aho usohokera cyangwa gushiraho andi mashanyarazi. Hitamo aUrwego rwa 2 rwerekana amashanyarazikugirango yishyure byihuse kandi byoroshye guhinduka.
5. EV Kwishyuza Ibipimo byumutekano bisohoka
Iyo ushyiraho kandi ukoresha anamashanyarazi, umutekano ni ngombwa cyane. Ibikurikira nimwe mubisanzwe byumutekano bigomba gukurikizwa:
•Amategeko y’igihugu y’amashanyarazi (NEC)ashyiraho amategeko agenga imirimo y'amashanyarazi muri Amerika. Irakoreshwa kandi ahandi hantu. Harimo umurongo ngenderwaho mugushirahoIkibanzas. Aya mabwiriza yemeza ko amasoko afite ishingiro neza. Bemeza kandi ko ibicuruzwa byapimwe kuri voltage ikwiye na amperage.
•Kurinda Impamvu Zumuzunguruko (GFCI) Kurinda: NEC Icyiciro 625.54itegeka ko EVSE cyangwa umuzenguruko wacyo ugomba kugirakurinda GFCI. Ibi nibyingenzi mukurinda amashanyarazi. Byumwihariko kurihanze ya EV yishyuza, igice kigomba kugira uruzitiro rwashyizwe ahagaragaraNEMA 3R cyangwa NEMA 4gutanga uburinzi bukenewe bwo kwirinda ubushuhe n'imvura. Ukurikije amakuru yaturutse iKomisiyo ishinzwe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa (CPSC), ikoreshwa rya GFCIs ryagabanije cyane abahitanwa n amashanyarazi.Turasaba cyane gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya EVSE gusa byemejwe nabayobozi bazwi nka UL cyangwa ETLkugirango hubahirizwe umutekano n'umutekano.
•Abamena imirongo:Umuzunguruko ugaburira ibyaweImashanyarazi ya EVigomba kugira icyuma cyabugenewe kugirango wirinde amashanyarazi arenze. A.240-volt isohokamubisanzwe bisaba kumena amp 40-50, bitewe nimbaraga zikenewe mumodoka yawe.
6. Inyungu zo Kwishyiriraho Imashanyarazi ya EV murugo
Gushiraho anIkibanzamurugo itanga inyungu nyinshi, cyane cyane kubafite ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi:
•Amahirwe: Kwishyuza murugo bivuze ko udakeneye gusura sitasiyo rusange no gutegereza umurongo. Gucomeka mumodoka yawe mugihe ugeze murugo, kandi bizishyurwa byuzuye mugitondo.
•Kuzigama: Kwishyuza murugo mubisanzwe bihendutse kuruta gukoresha sitasiyo rusange. Ibi ni ukuri cyane niba ushobora kubona ibiciro byingirakamaro mugihe cyamasaha yo hejuru.
• HejuruAgaciro k'umutungo: Ongeraho anamashanyaraziirashobora kuzamura agaciro k'urugo rwawe. Ibi ni ukuri cyane kuko abantu benshi bifuza EV na sitasiyo zishyuza.
•Mugabanye Ikirenge cya Carbone: Kwishyuza imodoka yawe murugo imbaraga zishobora kongera imyuka ya karubone. Gukoresha imirasire y'izuba ni inzira imwe yo kubikora.
7. Gahunda yo Gushyira hanze
Inzira yo gushiraho EV isohoka ikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira:
1.Isuzuma ryurubuga:Umuyagankuba wemewe azogenzura sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Bazareba imodoka yawe ikeneye kwishyurwa hanyuma babone ahantu heza ho gusohoka.
2.Gushiraho uruziga rwabigenewe:Umuyagankuba azoshiraho umuzunguruko wabigenewe kuriImashanyarazi. Ibi bizemeza ko ishobora gutwara umutwaro usabwa.
3.Gusohora ahasohoka:Isohoka ryashyizwe ahantu heza, haba mu nzu cyangwa hanze, bitewe nibyo ukunda.
4.Ikizamini:Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, amashanyarazi azagerageza gusohoka kugirango arebe ko ikora neza kandi neza.
8. Umwanzuro
Guhitamo uburenganziraamashanyarazi yamashanyarazini ngombwa kuburambe bwo kwishyuza butagira akagero. Kwinjiza a240-volt isohoka kumodoka zamashanyarazi, ukeneye kumenya ubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa bya EV.
Ibi birimoUrwego rwa 2s na shingiroEV kwishyuzas. Gusobanukirwa aya mahitamo ni ngombwa mugushiraho kwawe. Ugomba kandi kumenya ibyifuzo byabo byo kwishyiriraho.
Gushora muburyo bukwiye bwo kwishyuza ni ingirakamaro. Iragufasha kwishyuza imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi murugo.
Ibi bitanga ubworoherane kandi bizigama amafaranga. Uzafasha kandi ibidukikije. Menya neza ko kwishyiriraho gukurikiza amategeko yaho. Kandi, tekereza kubijyanye nigihe kizaza-gishyiraho uko isoko yimodoka yamashanyarazi ihinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-11-2024