Ni kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara abafite ibinyabiziga bishya by'amashanyarazi babaza: "Kugira ngo nkure intera ndende mu modoka yanjye, nshobora kuyishyuza buhoro buhoro?" Ushobora kuba warumvise ko kwishyuza buhoro "ari byiza" cyangwa "gukora neza," bikagutera kwibaza niba ibyo bisobanura ibirometero byinshi mumuhanda.
Reka duhite tugera ku ngingo. Igisubizo kiziguye nino, bateri yuzuye itanga mileage imwe yo gutwara utitaye kuburyo yishyuwe vuba.
Ariko, inkuru yuzuye irashimishije kandi ni ngombwa cyane. Itandukaniro nyaryo riri hagati yo kwishyurwa gahoro kandi byihuse ntabwo rireba intera ushobora gutwara - ni amafaranga wishyura ayo mashanyarazi nubuzima burambye bwa bateri yimodoka yawe. Aka gatabo gasenya siyanse mumagambo yoroshye.
Gutandukanya Urwego rwo Gutwara no Kwishyura neza
Icyambere, reka dukureho ingingo nini yo kwitiranya ibintu. Intera imodoka yawe ishobora kugenda igenwa ningufu zibitse muri bateri yayo, ipimwa mumasaha ya kilowatt (kilowat).
Bitekerezeho nka tank ya gaze mumodoka gakondo. Ikigega cya litiro 15 gifite litiro 15 za gaze, waba wujuje pompe gahoro cyangwa imwe yihuta.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo 1 kWh yingufu zibitswe neza muri bateri ya EV yawe, itanga ubushobozi bushoboka kuri mileage. Ikibazo nyacyo ntabwo kijyanye nurwego, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kwishyuza - inzira yo kubona ingufu ziva murukuta muri bateri yawe.
Ubumenyi bwo kwishyuza igihombo: Ingufu zijya he?
Nta buryo bwo kwishyuza bwuzuye 100%. Ingufu zimwe zihora zitakara, cyane cyane nkubushyuhe, mugihe cyoherejwe kuva kuri gride ujya mumodoka yawe. Aho izo mbaraga zabuze biterwa nuburyo bwo kwishyuza.
Igihombo cyo Kwishyuza AC (Kwishyuza Buhoro - Urwego 1 & 2)
Iyo ukoresheje amashanyarazi ya AC gahoro murugo cyangwa kukazi, akazi katoroshye ko guhindura ingufu za AC kuva kuri gride mo ingufu za DC kuri bateri ibera mumodoka yaweAmashanyarazi (OBC).
Gutakaza Guhindura:Ubu buryo bwo guhindura butanga ubushyuhe, nuburyo bwo gutakaza ingufu.
• Imikorere ya sisitemu:Kumasaha yose yamasaha 8 yo kwishyuza, mudasobwa yimodoka yawe, pompe, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha bateri birakora, bitwara imbaraga nke ariko zihamye.
DC Igihombo Cyihuse (Kwishyuza Byihuse)
Hamwe na DC Yihuta, Guhindura kuva AC kuri DC bibera imbere muri sitasiyo nini, ikomeye. Sitasiyo itanga imbaraga za DC muri bateri yawe, ukarenga OBC yimodoka yawe.
Gutakaza Ubushyuhe bwa Sitasiyo:Sitasiyo ikomeye ya sitasiyo itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, busaba abafana bakonje cyane. Izi mbaraga zabuze.
• Bateri & Cable Heat:Gusunika ingufu nyinshi muri bateri byihuse bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mumapaki ya bateri ninsinga, bigatuma sisitemu yo gukonjesha imodoka ikora cyane.
Soma ibyerekeyeIbikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi (EVSE)kwiga kubyerekeye ubwoko butandukanye bwa charger.
Reka tuganire ku mibare: Ni bangahe bingana gute kwishyuza buhoro?
None ibi bivuze iki mubyukuri? Ubushakashatsi bwemewe buturuka mubigo byubushakashatsi nka Laboratoire yigihugu ya Idaho bitanga amakuru asobanutse kuriyi.
Ugereranije, gahoro gahoro ya AC ikora neza muguhindura ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi kumuziga yimodoka yawe.
| Uburyo bwo Kwishyuza | Ubusanzwe Iherezo-Kuri-Imikorere | Ingufu Zatakaye kuri 60 kWh Yongewe kuri Bateri |
| Urwego 2 AC (Buhoro) | 88% - 95% | Utakaza hafi 3 - 7.2 kWh nkubushyuhe na sisitemu ikora. |
| DC Kwishyuza Byihuse (Byihuse) | 80% - 92% | Utakaza hafi 4.8 - 12 kWh nkubushyuhe muri sitasiyo no mumodoka. |
Nkuko mubibona, urashobora guhombakugeza kuri 5-10% imbaraga nyinshimugihe ukoresheje amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC ugereranije no kwishyuza murugo.
Inyungu nyayo ntabwo irenze ibirometero - Ni fagitire yo hasi
Itandukaniro ryimikorere ntabwokuguha ibirometero byinshi, ariko bigira ingaruka itaziguye. Ugomba kwishyura ingufu zapfushije ubusa.
Reka dukoreshe urugero rworoshye. Dufate ko ukeneye kongeramo 60 kWh yingufu mumodoka yawe kandi amashanyarazi yo murugo agura $ 0.18 kuri kilowati.
• Kwishyuza buhoro murugo (93% neza):Kugirango ubone 60 kWh muri bateri yawe, uzakenera gukuramo ~ 64.5 kWh kurukuta.
• Igiciro cyose: $ 11.61
• Kwishyuza byihuse kumugaragaro (85% neza):Kugirango ubone 60 kWh imwe, sitasiyo igomba gukuramo ~ 70,6 kWh kuri gride. Nubwo ibiciro by'amashanyarazi byari bimwe (ntibikunze kubaho), igiciro kiri hejuru.
• Igiciro cyingufu: $ 12.71(utabariyemo ikimenyetso cya sitasiyo, akenshi ni ngombwa).
Mugihe idorari cyangwa bibiri kuri buri giciro bishobora kutagaragara nkinshi, byiyongeraho amadorari amagana mugihe cyumwaka wo gutwara.
Izindi nyungu zikomeye zo kwishyuza buhoro: Ubuzima bwa Bateri
Dore impamvu yingenzi ituma abahanga basaba gushyira imbere kwishyurwa gahoro:kurinda bateri yawe.
Bateri ya EV yawe nikintu cyingenzi cyane. Umwanzi ukomeye wo kuramba kwa bateri ni ubushyuhe bukabije.
• Kwishyuza vuba DCitanga ubushyuhe bugaragara muguhatira ingufu nyinshi muri bateri vuba. Mugihe imodoka yawe ifite sisitemu yo gukonjesha, guhura nubushyuhe burashobora kwihutisha kwangirika kwa bateri mugihe.
• Buhoro buhoro kwishyuza ACitanga ubushyuhe buke cyane, igashyira imbaraga nke kuri selile ya bateri.
Iyi niyo mpamvu ingeso zawe zo kwishyuza zifite akamaro. Nkuko kwishyuzaumuvudukobigira ingaruka kuri bateri yawe, niko naurwegokuriyo. Abashoferi benshi barabaza, "Ni kangahe nshobora kwishyuza ev kuri 100?"kandi inama rusange ni iyo kwishyuza 80% kugirango ikoreshwe buri munsi kugirango irusheho kugabanya imihangayiko kuri bateri, gusa yishyuza 100% mu ngendo ndende.
Umuyobozi wa Fleet
Ku mushoferi kugiti cye, ikiguzi cyo kuzigama kuva kwishyurwa neza ni bonus nziza. Kubucuruzi bwamato yubucuruzi, nibice byingenzi byo gutezimbere Igiciro Cyuzuye cya nyirubwite (TCO).
Tekereza amato yimodoka 50 zitanga amashanyarazi. Iterambere rya 5-10% muburyo bwo kwishyuza ukoresheje ububiko bwubwenge, bushyizwe hagati ya AC yishyuza ijoro ryose birashobora guhinduka mubihumbi icumi byamadorari yo kuzigama amashanyarazi buri mwaka. Ibi bituma uhitamo ibyuma byogukoresha neza hamwe na software icyemezo gikomeye cyamafaranga.
Kwishyuza Ubwenge, Ntabwo Byihuse
Noneho,kwishyuza gahoro biguha mileage nyinshi?Igisubizo nyacyo ni oya. Batare yuzuye ni bateri yuzuye.
Ariko ibyukuri bifatika bifite agaciro kanini kuri buri nyiri EV:
Urwego rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga:Ubushobozi bwawe bwa mileage kumafaranga yuzuye burasa utitaye kumuvuduko wo kwishyuza.
• Amafaranga yo kwishyuza:Buhoro buhoro kwishyuza AC birakora neza, bivuze ingufu nke zidasesagura nigiciro gito cyo kongeramo urugero rumwe.
• Ubuzima bwa Bateri:Buhoro buhoro kwishyuza AC byoroheje kuri bateri yawe, biteza imbere ubuzima bwiza bwigihe kirekire no kubungabunga ubushobozi bwayo mumyaka iri imbere.
Ingamba nziza kuri buri nyiri EV iroroshye: koresha uburyo bworoshye kandi bunoze bwo kwishyuza urwego rwa 2 kubyo ukeneye bya buri munsi, kandi uzigame imbaraga mbisi za charger zihuta za DC kuburugendo rwo mumuhanda mugihe igihe nikigera.
Ibibazo
1.Noneho, kwishyuza byihuse bigabanya imodoka yanjye?Oya. Kwishyuza byihuse ntabwo bihita bigabanya imodoka yawe igenda kuri kiriya giciro cyihariye. Ariko, kuyishingikirizaho cyane birashobora kwihutisha kwangirika kwigihe kirekire, bishobora kugabanya buhoro buhoro urugero rwa bateri yawe ishoboka mumyaka myinshi.
2.Ni urwego rwa 1 (120V) kwishyuza birenze gukora kurwego rwa 2?Ntabwo ari ngombwa. Mugihe amashanyarazi atinda, icyiciro cyo kwishyuza ni kirekire cyane (amasaha 24+). Ibi bivuze ko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byimbere bigomba kuguma kumwanya muremure cyane, kandi ibyo gutakaza umusaruro birashobora kwiyongera, akenshi bigatuma urwego rwa 2 aribwo buryo bwiza muri rusange.
3.Ese ubushyuhe bwo hanze bugira ingaruka kumikorere yo kwishyuza?Yego rwose. Mu bihe bikonje cyane, bateri igomba gushyuha mbere yuko yemera kwishyurwa byihuse, bitwara ingufu nyinshi. Ibi birashobora kugabanya bigaragara imikorere rusange yigihe cyo kwishyuza, cyane cyane kuri DC byihuse.
4.Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kwishyuza burimunsi kuri bateri yanjye?Kuri EV nyinshi, imyitozo isabwa ni ugukoresha charger yo murwego rwa 2 AC hanyuma ugashyiraho imipaka yimodoka yawe kugeza 80% cyangwa 90% kugirango ukoreshe burimunsi. Gusa kwishyuza 100% mugihe ukeneye intera ntarengwa ntarengwa y'urugendo rurerure.
5.Ese tekinoroji ya bateri izaza ibi?Nibyo, bateri na tekinoroji yo kwishyuza ihora itera imbere. Imiti mishya ya batiri hamwe na sisitemu nziza yo gucunga amashyuza bituma bateri zishobora kwihanganira kwishyurwa vuba. Nyamara, fiziki yibanze yubushuhe busobanura ko buhoro, kwishyuza byoroheje birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bwiza bwubuzima bwa bateri igihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2025