Iyo abantu bavuga ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV), ikiganiro akenshi kizenguruka intera, kwihuta, no kwihuta. Ariko, inyuma yiyi mikorere itangaje, ituze nyamara ikintu cyingenzi kiragoye kukazi: theSisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS).
Urashobora gutekereza kuri BMS nkumunyamwete "umurinzi wa batiri." Ntabwo ikurikirana gusa "ubushyuhe" bwa bateri na "stamina" (voltage) ahubwo inemeza ko buri wese mubagize itsinda (selile) akora mubwumvikane. Nk’uko raporo yaturutse muri Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika ibigaragaza, "gucunga neza batiri ni ingenzi mu guteza imbere ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi." ¹
Tuzagutwara kwibira muri iyi ntwari itaririmbwe. Tuzatangirana ningingo icunga-ubwoko bwa bateri-hanyuma tujye mumikorere yibanze, ubwubatsi bwayo bumeze nkubwonko, hanyuma amaherezo turebe ejo hazaza hayobowe na AI hamwe nikoranabuhanga ridafite umugozi.
1: Gusobanukirwa "Umutima" wa BMS: Ubwoko bwa Bateri
Igishushanyo cya BMS gifitanye isano nubwoko bwa bateri icunga. Ibigize imiti itandukanye bisaba ingamba zitandukanye zo kuyobora. Gusobanukirwa na bateri nintambwe yambere yo gutahura ibintu bigoye bya BMS.
Inzira nyamukuru na Kazoza-Inzira ya Batiri: Kugereranya
| Ubwoko bwa Bateri | Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga | Ibyiza | Ibibi | Icyerekezo cyo gucunga BMS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Litiyumu Iron Fosifate (LFP) | Ikiguzi-cyiza, umutekano cyane, ubuzima burebure. | Ubwiza buhebuje bwumuriro, ibyago bike byo guhunga ubushyuhe. Ubuzima bwinzira burashobora kurenga 3000. Igiciro gito, nta cobalt. | Mugereranije kugabanya ingufu zingana. Imikorere mibi mubushyuhe buke. Biragoye kugereranya SOC. | Ikigereranyo cyinshi cya SOC: Irasaba algorithm igoye kugirango ikemure umurongo wa voltage umurongo.Ubushyuhe buke: Ukeneye sisitemu yo gushyushya bateri ikomeye. |
| Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC / NCA) | Ingufu nyinshi, intera ndende. | Kuyobora ingufu zingana murwego rurerure. Imikorere myiza mugihe cyubukonje. | Hasi yumuriro. igher igiciro kubera cobalt na nikel.Ubuzima bwamagare mubusanzwe ni bugufi kuruta LFP. | Gukurikirana umutekano: Gukurikirana urwego rwa Millisecond ya voltage nubushyuhe.Kuringaniza gukomeye: Igumana ubudahwema hagati yingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi.Gufatanya guhuza imicungire yubushyuhe. |
| Batteri ikomeye | Koresha electrolyte ikomeye, igaragara nkibisekuru bizaza. | Umutekano uhebuje: Kurandura burundu ibyago byumuriro bituruka kuri electrolyte.Ubucucike bukabije: Mubyukuri bigera kuri 500 Wh / kg.Urwego rwubushyuhe bukora. | Ikoranabuhanga ntirirakura; igiciro kinini. Guhuza hamwe no kurwanya interineti hamwe nubuzima bwinzira. | Ikoranabuhanga rishya: Birashobora gukenera gukurikirana ingano yumubiri nkumuvuduko.Ikigereranyo cya leta: Gukurikirana ubuzima bwimiterere hagati ya electrolyte na electrode. |
2: Imikorere yibanze ya BMS: Mubyukuri ikora iki?
BMS ikora neza ni nkimpuguke-ifite impano nyinshi, icyarimwe ikina inshingano zumucungamari, umuganga, numurinzi. Igikorwa cyacyo kirashobora kugabanywamo imirimo ine yibanze.
1. Ikigereranyo cya Leta: "Fuel Gauge" na "Raporo yubuzima"
• Leta ishinzwe (SOC):Ibi nibyo abakoresha bita kuri benshi: "Hasigaye bateri zingahe?" Ikigereranyo cyukuri cya SOC kirinda guhangayika. Kuri bateri nka LFP hamwe na voltage iringaniye, kugereranya neza SOC nikibazo cya tekiniki yo ku rwego rwisi, bisaba algorithms igoye nka filteri ya Kalman.
• Ubuzima (SOH):Ibi bisuzuma "ubuzima" bwa bateri ugereranije nigihe yari shyashya kandi nikintu cyingenzi mukumenya agaciro ka EV yakoreshejwe. Batare ifite 80% SOH bivuze ko ubushobozi bwayo ntarengwa ari 80% gusa ya bateri nshya.
2. Kuringaniza Akagari: Ubuhanzi bwo Gukorera hamwe
Ipaki ya batiri ikozwe mumajana cyangwa ibihumbi selile ihujwe murukurikirane kandi iringaniye. Bitewe nuduce duto duto two gukora, ibiciro byabo nibisohoka bizatandukana gato. Hatabayeho kuringaniza, selile ifite amafaranga make azagena amaherezo yose yasohotse, mugihe selile ifite amafaranga menshi azagena amaherezo yumuriro.
Kuringaniza gusa:Gutwika ingufu zirenze ingirabuzimafatizo zishyizwe hejuru ukoresheje résistor. Nibyoroshye kandi bihendutse ariko bitanga ubushyuhe kandi bigatakaza ingufu.
Kuringaniza bifatika:Kohereza ingufu ziva mu ngirabuzimafatizo zishyizwe hejuru zikajya munsi ya selile. Nibyiza kandi birashobora kongera intera ikoreshwa ariko biragoye kandi bihenze. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na SAE International bwerekana ko gushyira mu gaciro bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gupakira hafi 10% ⁶.
3. Kurinda umutekano: Vigilant "Murinzi"
Ninshingano zikomeye za BMS. Ihora ikurikirana ibipimo bya bateri ikoresheje sensor.
• Kurinda Umuvuduko mwinshi / Kurinda munsi ya voltage:Irinda kwishyuza cyane cyangwa gusohora cyane, impamvu nyamukuru zangiza bateri zihoraho.
• Kurinda birenze urugero:Byihuse uhagarike uruziga mugihe kidasanzwe kibaho, nkumuzunguruko mugufi.
• Kurinda Ubushyuhe burenze:Batteri yunvikana cyane n'ubushyuhe. BMS ikurikirana ubushyuhe, igabanya imbaraga niba ari ndende cyane cyangwa nkeya, kandi ikora sisitemu yo gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha. Kwirinda guhunga ubushyuhe nicyo kintu cyambere cyambere, ningirakamaro kuri byoseIgishushanyo mbonera cya EV.
3. Ubwonko bwa BMS: Yubatswe ite?
Guhitamo neza imyubakire ya BMS nubucuruzi hagati yikiguzi, kwiringirwa, no guhinduka.
Kugereranya BMS Ubwubatsi Kugereranya: Hagati hamwe na Ikwirakwizwa na Modular
| Ubwubatsi | Imiterere & Ibiranga | Ibyiza | Ibibi | Abahagarariye abatanga isoko / Ikoranabuhanga |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hagati | Insinga zose zumva insinga zihuza neza na mugenzuzi umwe. | Igiciro gito Imiterere yoroshye | Ingingo imwe yo gutsindwa Urusobekerane rworoshye, uburemere bukabije Ubunini buke | Ibikoresho bya Texas (TI), Infineontanga ibisubizo bihujwe cyane-chip ibisubizo. |
| Yatanzwe | Buri bateri module ifite umugenzuzi wumugaragu utanga raporo kubuyobozi bukuru. | Kwizerwa gukomeye Kwipimisha gukomeye Biroroshye kubungabunga | Igiciro kinini Sisitemu igoye | Ibikoresho bisa (ADI)'Bidafite umugozi BMS (wBMS) ni umuyobozi muriki gice.NXPitanga kandi ibisubizo bikomeye. |
| Modular | Uburyo bwa Hybrid hagati yandi abiri, kuringaniza ibiciro nibikorwa. | Impirimbanyi nziza Igishushanyo cyoroshye | Nta kintu na kimwe kigaragara; impuzandengo muri byose. | Icyiciro cya 1 abatanga isoko nkaMarellinaPrehtanga ibisubizo byihariye. |
A yagabanijwe, cyane cyane simusiga BMS (wBMS), ihinduka inganda. Ikuraho imiyoboro itumanaho itumanaho hagati yabagenzuzi, ntabwo igabanya uburemere nigiciro gusa ahubwo inatanga ihinduka ritigeze ribaho mugushushanya ibicuruzwa bya batiri kandi byoroshya kwishyira hamweIbikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi (EVSE).
4: Kazoza ka BMS: Ibihe Byakurikiyeho-Ikoranabuhanga
Ikoranabuhanga rya BMS riri kure yanyuma yaryo; biragenda bihinduka ubwenge no guhuza byinshi.
• Kwiga AI n'imashini:Kazoza ka BMS ntikizongera gushingira kumibare ihamye. Ahubwo, bazakoresha AI hamwe na mashini yiga gusesengura amakuru menshi yamateka kugirango barusheho guhanura neza SOH hamwe nubuzima busigaye (RUL), ndetse banatanga umuburo hakiri kare amakosa ashobora kuba⁹.
• BMS ihujwe n'ibicu:Mugushira amakuru mubicu, birashoboka kugera kure no kugenzura kure ya bateri yimodoka kwisi yose. Ibi ntabwo byemerera gusa hejuru yikirere (OTA) kuvugurura algorithm ya BMS ahubwo inatanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubushakashatsi bwibisekuruza bizaza. Iki kinyabiziga-ku-gicu nacyo gishyiraho urufatirov2g(Imodoka-Kuri-Grid)ikoranabuhanga.
• Guhuza na tekinoroji nshya ya Batiri:Byaba ari bateri-ikomeye ikomeye cyangwaFata Bateri & LDES Ikoranabuhanga, tekinoroji igaragara izakenera ingamba nshya zo gucunga BMS hamwe na tekinoroji yo kumva.
Urutonde rwabashakashatsi
Kubashakashatsi bafite uruhare mugushushanya cyangwa guhitamo BMS, ingingo zikurikira nizo ngingo zingenzi:
Urwego rwumutekano rukora (ASIL):Ese bihuye naISO 26262bisanzwe? Kubintu byingenzi byumutekano nka BMS, ASIL-C cyangwa ASIL-D mubisanzwe birakenewe¹⁰.
• Ibisabwa byuzuye:Ibipimo byukuri bya voltage, ikigezweho, nubushyuhe bigira ingaruka zukuri kubigereranyo bya SOC / SOH.
• Amasezerano y'itumanaho:Ese ishyigikira protocole yimodoka ya bisi nka CAN na LIN, kandi ikurikiza ibisabwa byitumanaho ryaIbipimo byo Kwishyuza?
• Kuringaniza ubushobozi:Irakora cyangwa iringaniza? Umuyoboro uringaniye ni uwuhe? Irashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mubipaki ya batiri?
• Ubunini:Igisubizo kirashobora guhuzwa byoroshye na porogaramu zitandukanye za batiri zifite ubushobozi butandukanye nubunini bwa voltage?
Ubwonko Bwihindagurika bwikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi
UwitekaSisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS)nigice cyingirakamaro cyibinyabiziga bigezweho byamashanyarazi puzzle. Yagiye ihinduka kuva monitor yoroheje ihinduka sisitemu igizwe na sisitemu ihuza ibyumviro, kubara, kugenzura, no gutumanaho.
Nka tekinoroji ya bateri ubwayo hamwe nu bice bigezweho nka AI hamwe n’itumanaho ridafite umugozi bikomeje gutera imbere, BMS izarushaho kugira ubwenge, kwiringirwa, no gukora neza. Ntabwo arinda umutekano wibinyabiziga gusa ahubwo ni urufunguzo rwo gufungura ubushobozi bwuzuye bwa bateri no gutuma ejo hazaza h'ubwikorezi burambye.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ya EV ni iki?
A: An Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS)ni "ubwonko bwa elegitoronike" na "umurinzi" w'amashanyarazi ya batiri. Nuburyo bukomeye bwibikoresho na software bihora bikurikirana kandi bigacunga buri selire ya bateri kugiti cye, ikemeza ko bateri ikora neza kandi neza mubihe byose.
Ikibazo: Ni ibihe bikorwa by'ingenzi bya BMS?
A:Imikorere yibanze ya BMS irimo: 1)Ikigereranyo cya Leta: Kubara neza amafaranga asigaye ya bateri (Leta ishinzwe - SOC) nubuzima rusange muri rusange (Leta yubuzima - SOH). 2)Kuringaniza Akagari: Kureba ko selile zose ziri muri paki zifite urwego rumwe rwo kwishyuza kugirango wirinde ingirabuzimafatizo zirenze urugero cyangwa zisohotse cyane. 3)Kurinda umutekano.
Ikibazo: Kuki BMS ari ngombwa?
A:BMS igena mu buryo butaziguye ibinyabiziga by'amashanyaraziumutekano, urwego, na bateri igihe cyose. Hatariho BMS, ipaki ya batiri ihenze irashobora kwangizwa nubusumbane bwakagari mugihe cyamezi cyangwa gufata umuriro. Iterambere rya BMS niryo pfundo ryo kugera ku ntera ndende, kuramba, n'umutekano mwinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-18-2025