Ihinduka ry’isi yose ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) byiyongereye cyane mumyaka mike ishize. Mugihe leta zishakisha ibisubizo byogutwara abantu neza kandi abaguzi bagenda bakoresha imodoka zangiza ibidukikije, icyifuzoamashanyarazi ya EVyazamutse. Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu bwikorezi ntibikiri inzira ahubwo birakenewe, kandi ubucuruzi bufite amahirwe yihariye yo kugira uruhare muri iri hinduka bitanga ibikorwa remezo byishyurwa byizewe.
Mu 2023, byagereranijwe ko imodoka zirenga miliyoni 10 z'amashanyarazi zari mu mihanda ku isi, kandi biteganijwe ko iyi mibare izakomeza kwiyongera cyane. Gushyigikira iyi shift, kwaguka kwasitasiyo yumuriro wamashanyarazini ngombwa. Izi sitasiyo ntizifite akamaro gusa kugirango ba nyiri EV bashobore kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byabo ahubwo no gushiraho imiyoboro ikomeye, igerwaho, kandi irambye yorohereza imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi. Byaba kuri asitasiyo yubucuruzimu isoko ryubucuruzi cyangwa inyubako y'ibiro, amashanyarazi ya EV ubu agomba kuba afite ubucuruzi bushaka guhuza ibikenerwa nabaguzi bangiza ibidukikije muri iki gihe.
Muri iki gitabo, tuzatanga byimbitse kurebaamashanyarazi ya EV, gufasha ubucuruzi kumva ubwoko butandukanye bwamashanyarazi aboneka, uburyo bwo guhitamo sitasiyo ibereye, aho kuyishira, hamwe nibiciro bijyana. Tuzasuzuma kandi uburyo leta ishigikira no kwita kubitekerezo kugirango dufashe ba nyiri ubucuruzi gufata ibyemezo neza mugihe ushyirahositasiyo yubucuruzi ya EV.
1.Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kwishyiriraho sitasiyo ya EV?
Intsinzi ya aubucuruzi bwa EV chargerkwishyiriraho biterwa cyane naho biherereye. Gushyira sitasiyo yumuriro ahantu heza byemeza imikoreshereze ntarengwa na ROI. Abashoramari bakeneye gusuzuma neza imitungo yabo, imyitwarire yabakiriya, nuburyo bwimodoka kugirango bamenye aho bashirasitasiyo yumuriro wamashanyarazi.
1.1 Uturere twubucuruzi nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi
Uturere twubucuruzinaibigo byubucuruzini ahantu heza cyane kurisitasiyo yumuriro wamashanyarazi. Utu turere twinshi cyane dukurura abashyitsi batandukanye bashobora kumara igihe kinini muri kariya gace - bigatuma baba abakandida beza kuri kwishyuza EV.
Ba nyiri EV bazishimira uburyo bwo kwishyuza imodoka zabo mugihe cyo guhaha, kurya, cyangwa gukora ibintu.Sitasiyo yishyuza imodokaaha hantu hatanga ubucuruzi amahirwe meza yo kwitandukanya nabanywanyi. Ntabwo bakurura gusa abakiriya bangiza ibidukikije, ahubwo bafasha nubucuruzi kubaka ibyangombwa byabo birambye. Byongeye, kwishyuza sitasiyo muriubucuruzi bwamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi kwishyirirahomu masoko yubucuruzi arashobora kwinjiza amafaranga yinyongera binyuze muburyo bwo kwishyura cyangwa gukoresha abanyamuryango.
1.2 Aho bakorera
Numubare wiyongera waabafite imodoka z'amashanyarazi, gutanga EV yishyuza ibisubizo kumurimo ni ingamba zifatika kubucuruzi bushaka gukurura no kugumana impano. Abakozi batwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bazungukirwa no kubonaamashanyarazi yamashanyarazimugihe cyamasaha yakazi, kugabanya ibikenewe kugirango bashingire kumafaranga yo murugo.
Kubucuruzi,ubucuruzi bwa EV chargerku kazi birashobora kuzamura cyane abakozi kunyurwa nubudahemuka, mugihe kandi bigira uruhare mumigambi irambye yibigo. Nuburyo bwo gutekereza-kwereka abakozi ko isosiyete ishyigikiye inzibacyuho yingufu zisukuye.
1.3 Inyubako
Mugihe abantu benshi bahindukirira ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, inyubako zamazu hamwe n’amazu y’amazu menshi arimo kotswa igitutu kugirango batange ibisubizo byishyurwa kubatuye. Bitandukanye n’umuryango umwe, abatuye amazu ntibashobora kubona amafaranga yo kwishyurwa, gukoraamashanyarazi ya EVikintu gikenewe mu nyubako zigezweho.
Gutangaubucuruzi bwamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi kwishyirirahomunzu zamagorofa zirashobora gutuma imitungo irushaho gukundwa nabashobora gukodesha, cyane cyane abafite cyangwa bateganya kugura imodoka yamashanyarazi. Rimwe na rimwe, irashobora kandi kuzamura indangagaciro z'umutungo, kuko abaturage benshi bazashyira imbere amazu afite ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza EV.
1.4 Ingingo za Serivisi zaho
Ingingo za serivisi zaho, nka sitasiyo ya lisansi, ububiko bworoshye, na resitora, ni ahantu heza kurisitasiyo yubucuruzi ya EV. Ibi bibanza mubisanzwe bireba umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ba nyirubwite barashobora kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byabo mugihe bahagaritse lisansi, ibiryo, cyangwa serivisi byihuse.
Wongeyehositasiyo yubucuruzi yimodokaku ngingo za serivisi zaho, ubucuruzi bushobora guhuza abantu benshi kandi bugatandukanya amafaranga yinjira. Kwishyura ibikorwa remezo biragenda biba ngombwa mubaturage, cyane cyane ko abantu benshi bashingira kumodoka zamashanyarazi murugendo rurerure.
2. Ni gute Sitasiyo Yishyuza Ibinyabiziga By’amashanyarazi Byatoranijwe?
Iyo uhitamo aubucuruzi bwa EV charger, ibintu byinshi byingenzi bigomba gusuzumwa kugirango sitasiyo ihuze ibyifuzo byubucuruzi ndetse n’abakoresha EV. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwa sitasiyo yishyuza nibiranga ni ngombwa kugirango ufate icyemezo kiboneye.
2.1 Urwego 1 rwo Kwishyuza
Urwego rwa 1 rwo kwishyuzanuburyo bworoshye kandi buhenze cyane kuriamashanyarazi yubucuruzi bwamashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi akoresha urugo rusanzwe rwa 120V kandi mubisanzwe yishyuza EV ku kigero cya kilometero 2-5 z'isaha.Urwego rwa 1nibyiza kubibanza aho imodoka zizahagarara umwanya munini, nk'aho bakorera cyangwa inyubako.
MugiheUrwego rwa 1 rwo kwishyuzantibihendutse gushiraho, biratinda kurenza ubundi buryo, kandi ntibishobora kuba bibereye ahantu nyabagendwa cyane aho ba nyiri EV bakeneye amafaranga byihuse.
2.2 Urwego 2 Amashanyarazi Yumuriro
Urwego rwa 2ni Bisanzwe Ubwoko bwaamashanyarazi ya EV. Bakorera kumuzunguruko wa 240V kandi barashobora kwishyuza imodoka yamashanyarazi inshuro 4-6 kurenzaUrwego rwa 1. A.urwego rwubucuruzi 2 EV chargerirashobora gutanga ibirometero 10-25 kurisaha yo kwishyuza, bitewe na charger hamwe nubushobozi bwikinyabiziga.
Kubucuruzi ahantu hashobora kuba abakiriya bashobora kumara igihe kirekire - nka santeri zubucuruzi, inyubako zo mu biro, hamwe n’amagorofa -Urwego rwa 2ni igisubizo gifatika kandi cyigiciro. Amashanyarazi ni amahitamo meza kubucuruzi bwifuza gutanga serivisi yizewe kandi yihuse ugereranije naba nyiri EV.
2.3 Urwego rwa 3 rwo kwishyuza - DC Yihuta
Urwego rwa 3 rwo kwishyuza, bizwi kandi nkaAmashanyarazi yihuta, tanga umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwishyuza, bigatuma biba byiza ahantu nyabagendwa cyane aho abakiriya bakeneye kwishyurwa byihuse. Izi sitasiyo zikoresha ingufu za 480V DC kandi zishobora kwishyuza EV kugeza 80% muminota 30.
MugiheUrwego rwa 3bihenze gushiraho no kubungabunga, nibyingenzi mugushigikira ingendo ndende no kugaburira abakiriya bakeneye kwishyurwa byihuse. Ahantu nko kuruhukira mumihanda ihagarara, uturere twubucuruzi twinshi, hamwe na transit hub ni byiza kuriAmashanyarazi yihuta.
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Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, hariho porogaramu zitandukanye hamwe nogushigikira bigamije gushishikariza kwishyirirahositasiyo yumuriro wamashanyarazi. Aya masezerano afasha kugabanya ibiciro biri hejuru kandi byorohereza abashoramari gushora imari mubikorwa remezo bya EV.
3.1 Inguzanyo yimisoro ya leta kubucuruzi bwamashanyarazi yubucuruzi
Kwinjiza imishingaamashanyarazi ya EVarashobora kwemererwa kubona inguzanyo ya reta. Ukurikije amabwiriza agenga federasiyo iriho, ibigo birashobora kwakira 30% yikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho, kugeza $ 30,000 yo gushyiraho sitasiyo zishyuza ahacururizwa. Iyi nkunga igabanya cyane umutwaro wamafaranga yo kwishyiriraho kandi ishishikariza ubucuruzi kwitabira ibikorwa remezo bya EV.
3.2 Ibikorwa remezo byigihugu byamashanyarazi (NEVI) Gahunda ya formulaire
UwitekaGahunda y'ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi y'igihugu (NEVI) Gahunda ya formulatanga inkunga ya reta kubucuruzi na guverinoma mugushiraho sitasiyo yumuriro wa EV. Iyi gahunda igamije gushyiraho umuyoboro w’igihugu w’amashanyarazi yihuta kugira ngo ba nyiri EV babashe kubona sitasiyo zizewe mu gihugu hose.
Binyuze muri NEVI, ubucuruzi bushobora gusaba inkunga kugirango ifashe kwishyura ibiciro byaubucuruzi bwa EV charger, kuborohereza gutanga umusanzu mukuzamuka kwimiterere yibidukikije.
4. Ibiciro byubushakashatsi bwamashanyarazi yubucuruzi
Igiciro cyo kwishyirirahositasiyo yumuriro wamashanyarazibiterwa nibintu bitandukanye, harimo ubwoko bwa charger, ahantu, nibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi bihari.
4.1 Ibikorwa Remezo byubucuruzi bwamashanyarazi yubucuruzi Ibikorwa Remezo
Ibikorwa remezo bisabwa mugushirahoamashanyarazi ya EVni byinshi bihenze cyane byumushinga. Abashoramari barashobora gukenera kuzamura sisitemu yumuriro wamashanyarazi, harimo transformateur, imashini zangiza, hamwe ninsinga, kugirango babone ingufu zikeneweUrwego 2 or Amashanyarazi yihuta. Byongeye kandi, imashanyarazi irashobora gukenera kuzamurwa kugirango ikore amperage yo hejuru isabwa kuri charger zubucuruzi.
4.2 Kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi
Igiciro cyaubucuruzi bwa EV chargerikubiyemo imirimo yo gushiraho ibice hamwe ninsinga zose zikenewe. Ibi birashobora gutandukana bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwurubuga. Gushyira charger mubikorwa bishya cyangwa imitungo hamwe nibikorwa remezo bihari birashobora kuba bihenze kuruta kuvugurura inyubako zishaje.
4.3 Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhuza amashanyarazi
Imiyoboro ikomatanya itanga ubucuruzi nubushobozi bwo gukurikirana imikoreshereze, gukurikirana ubwishyu, no kubungabunga sitasiyo kure. Mugihe sisitemu ihujwe ifite igiciro kinini cyo kwishyiriraho, itanga amakuru yingirakamaro ninyungu zikorwa, bigatuma ishoramari ryiza kubucuruzi bushaka gutanga uburambe bwo kwishyuza kubakiriya.
5. Amashanyarazi yubucuruzi rusange bwamashanyarazi
Kwishyiriraho no kubungabungasitasiyo yishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazibisaba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe kugirango umenye neza ko sitasiyo ziguma zikora kandi zigera kuri banyiri EV bose.
5.1 Ubucuruzi bwamashanyarazi yubucuruzi Amashanyarazi Yihuza
Amashanyarazi ya EVkoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwihuza, harimoSAE J1772KuriUrwego rwa 2, naCHAdeMO or CCSabahuza kuriAmashanyarazi yihuta. Ni ngombwa kubucuruzi gushirahositasiyo yumuriro wamashanyaraziibyo bihujwe nabahuza bakunze gukoreshwa na EV mukarere kabo.
5.2 Kubungabunga Sitasiyo Yishyuza Amashanyarazi Yubucuruzi
Kubungabunga inzira ni ngombwa kugirango ibyo bishobokesitasiyo yubucuruzi ya EVkomeza gukora kandi wizewe. Ibi birimo kuvugurura software, kugenzura ibyuma, no gukemura ibibazo nkumuriro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza. Ibigo byinshi bihitamo amasezerano ya serivisi kugirango yizereamashanyarazi ya EVzibungabunzwe neza kandi zikomeze gutanga serivisi zizewe kubakiriya.
Mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikomeje kwamamara, ibisabwa kurisitasiyo yubucuruzi ya EVgusa biteganijwe kuzamuka. Muguhitamo neza ahantu heza, ubwoko bwa charger, hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa, abashoramari barashobora kubyaza umusaruro ibikenerwa nibikorwa remezo bya EV. Inkunga nkinguzanyo ya reta hamwe na gahunda ya NEVI itera inzibacyuhoamashanyarazi ya EVbihendutse cyane, mugihe gukomeza kubungabunga byemeza ko igishoro cyawe gikomeza gukora mumyaka iri imbere.
Niba ushaka gushirahourwego rwubucuruzi 2 EV chargeraho ukorera cyangwa umuyoboro waAmashanyarazi yihutamu kigo cyubucuruzi, gushora imarisitasiyo yubucuruzi ya EVni ihitamo ryubwenge kubucuruzi bwifuza kuguma imbere yumurongo. Hamwe nubumenyi bukwiye noguteganya, urashobora gukora ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza bitujuje ibyifuzo byumunsi gusa ahubwo byateguwe na revolution ya EV ejo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2024