Inzibacyuho ku isi ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (evs) byungutse mu buryo bugaragara mu myaka mike ishize. Nkuko guverinoma ihatira ibisubizo bya grener yo gutwara abantu no kuba abaguzi birushaho gufata imodoka zinshuti z'ibidukikije, icyifuzoAmashanyarazi ya EVyarokoye. Amashanyarazi yo gutwara ntabwo akiri icyerekezo ariko gikenewe, nubucuruzi bifite amahirwe adasanzwe yo kwitabira iri hinduka batanga ibikorwa remezo remezo byizewe.
Muri 2023, byagereranijwe ko ibinyabiziga birenga miliyoni 10 biri mu mihanda ku isi hose, kandi uyu mubare uteganijwe gukomeza kuzamuka cyane. Gushyigikira iyi shift, kwaguka kwaSitasiyo y'amashanyarazini ngombwa. Izi sitasiyo ntabwo ari ingenzi kuba nyirubwite gusa barashobora kwishyuza imodoka zabo ariko nanone kugirango bareme umuyoboro ukomeye, ugerwaho, kandi urambye wo koroshya urwanira ibinyabiziga byagutse. Niba ari kuri aSitasiyo yubucuruziMu kigo cy'ubucuruzi cyangwa inyubako y'ibiro, ibisigazwa bya EV ubu bigomba - kugira ubucuruzi butegereje kubahiriza ibidukikije.
Muri iki gitabo, tuzatanga isura yimbitse kuriAmashanyarazi ya EV, gufasha ubucuruzi bwumva ubwoko butandukanye bwamashanyarazi buboneka, uburyo bwo guhitamo sitasiyo nziza, aho kubashiramo, hamwe nibiciro bifitanye isano. Tuzareba kandi gahunda yo gushishikarizwa no gufata neza kugirango ifashe abafite ubucuruzi bakora ibyemezo bimenyereye mugihe bashizemoUbucuruzi Bwishyuza Sitasiyo.
1. Ahantu heza dufite ikibanza cyo kwishyuza?
Intsinzi ya aAmashanyarazi ya EVkwishyiriraho biterwa cyane aho biherereye. Kwinjiza sitasiyo yishyuza ahantu heza hagira ikoreshwa ryakoreshejwe na roi. Ubucuruzi bukeneye gusuzuma neza umutungo wabo, imyitwarire yabakiriya, hamwe nuburyo bwimodoka kugirango umenye aho washyirahoSitasiyo y'amashanyarazi.
1.1 Uturere ducuruza hamwe nibigo byubucuruzi
Uturere tw'UturerenaIbigo byubucuruzibari ahantu heza cyane kuriSitasiyo y'amashanyarazi. Ahantu hirengeye kuba abashyitsi batandukanye bashobora kumara umwanya munini muri kariya gace ubakandada batunganye batishyuye.
Ba nyirubwite bazishimira koroshya kwishyuza imodoka zabo mugihe bagura, kurya, cyangwa gukora ibintu.Sitasiyo y'UbucuruziAha hantu batanga ubucuruzi umwanya mwiza wo gutandukanya abanywanyi. Ntabwo bakurura gusa abakiriya babuza ibidukikije, ariko kandi bafasha ubucuruzi kubaka ibyangombwa byabo birambye. Byongeye kandi, kwishyuza sitasiyo muriUbucuruzi bwamashanyarazi bwo kwishyuzaMu bigo byubucuruzi birashobora kubyara amafaranga yinyongera binyuze mu kwishyura-gukoresha moderi cyangwa gahunda yabanyamuryango.
1.2 AKAZI
Hamwe no kwiyongera kwaBa nyiri imodoka, Gutanga en kwishyuza ibisubizo kukazi nicyerekezo cyibikorwa kubucuruzi bashaka gukurura no kugumana impano. Abakozi batwara ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bazungukirwa no kubonaAmashanyarazi yubucuruziMugihe cyamasaha yakazi, kugabanya ibikenewe kugirango bashishikarire murugo.
Ku bucuruzi,Kwishyiriraho AmashanyaraziKumurimo urashobora kuzamura cyane abakozi nubudahemuka, nubwo nanone bigira uruhare mu ntego zirambye. Nuburyo bwo gutekereza imbere bwo kwerekana abakozi ko isosiyete ishyigikira inzibacyuho kugirango isukure ingufu.
1.3 Inyubako
Nkuko abantu benshi bahindukirira ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, inyubako zamagufa hamwe nubukungu bwimiturire myinshi burimo bwongera igitutu cyo gutanga ibisubizo byabaturage. Bitandukanye n'amazu yumuryango umwe, abatuye amazu mubisanzwe ntibabona kwishyuza murugo, gukoraAmashanyarazi ya EVikintu gikenewe mu nyubako za kijyambere.
GutangaUbucuruzi bwamashanyarazi bwo kwishyuzaMu nyubako zamagorofa irashobora gukora imitungo ishimishije kubakodesha, cyane cyane abafite cyangwa bagateganya kugura imodoka yamashanyarazi. Rimwe na rimwe, irashobora kandi kuzamura indangagaciro z'umutungo, nk'uko abaturage benshi bazashyira imbere ingo hamwe n'ibikorwa remezo.
1.4 Ingingo za serivisi zaho
Ingingo za serivisi zaho, nka sitasiyo ya lisansi, amaduka yoroshye, na resitora, ni ahantu hanini kuriUbucuruzi Bwishyuza Sitasiyo. Aha hantu muri rusange reba umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ev ba nyirabyo barashobora kwishyuza imodoka zabo mugihe uhagaritse lisansi, ibiryo, cyangwa serivisi byihuse.
WongeyehoSitasiyo y'UbucuruziKu ngingo za serivisi zaho, ubucuruzi burashobora kwizihiza abumva mugari no gutandukanya imigezi yabo yinjiza. Kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo bigenda birushaho kuba ngombwa mumiryango, cyane cyane nkuko abantu benshi bishingikiriza kumodoka yamashanyarazi kugirango urugendo rurerure.
2. Nigute sitasiyo yamashanyarazi yatoranijwe?
Iyo uhitamo aAmashanyarazi ya EV, ibintu byinshi byingenzi bigomba gufatwa nkubushakashatsi buhuye nibikenewe mubucuruzi n'abo bakoreshaga ibibera. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwo gushyuza sitasiyo n'ibiranga ibintu byabo ni ngombwa mu gufata icyemezo kiboneye.
2.1 Urwego 1 Kwishyuza Sitasiyo
Urwego 1 Kwishyuza Sitasiyoni uburyo bworoshye kandi buhebuje-bwiza kuriAmashanyarazi yubucuruzi. Aya makuru akoresha urwego rwa 120v kandi mubisanzwe yishyuza ev ku gipimo cya kilometero 2-5 zurwego.Urwego 1 AmashanyaraziNibyiza ahantu h'uko evs izahagarara mugihe kinini, nko ku kazi cyangwa inyubako zamagorofa.
MugiheUrwego 1 Kwishyuza SitasiyoBadahenze gushiraho, baratinda kurenza ubundi buryo, kandi ntibashobora kuba bakwiriye ahantu hirengeye traffic ba nyirayo bakeneye bakeneye amafaranga yihuse.
2.2 Urwego 2 Amashanyarazi Yishyuza Ibinyabiziga
Urwego 2 Amashanyarazini ubwoko bukunze kugaragara kuriAmashanyarazi ya EV. Bakorera ku muzunguruko 240v kandi barashobora kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi inshuro 4-6 byihuse kurutaUrwego 1 Amashanyarazi. AUrwego rw'Ubucuruzi 2 Ev chargerUbusanzwe butanga ibirometero 10-25 byurugero kumasaha yo kwishyuza, bitewe n'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bw'imodoka.
Kubucuruzi ahantu hagenewe kuguma mugihe kirekire - nko mu bigo byubucuruzi, inyubako zibiro, n'amazu -Urwego 2 Amashanyarazini igisubizo gifatika kandi gitanga umusaruro. Aya maguru ni amahitamo meza yubucuruzi ashaka gutanga serivisi yizewe kandi ugereranije ya serivisi zihuta kuri ba nyirayo.
2.3 Urwego 3 Kwishyuza Sitasiyo - DC Yamazaki
Urwego 3 Kwishyuza Sitasiyo, uzwi kandi nkaDC Amashanyarazi, tanga umuvuduko wihuta cyane, ubashyireho ibyiza ahantu hahantu hakenewe abakiriya aho abakiriya bakeneye kwishyuza vuba. Izi sitasiyo zikoresha amakuru ya 480v DC kandi irashobora kwishyuza el kugera kuri 80% muminota 30.
MugiheUrwego 3 AmashanyaraziBirahagije kwinjiza no kubungabunga, ni ngombwa mu gushyigikira ingendo ndende no kugaburira abakiriya bakeneye amafaranga yihuse. Ahantu nko kuruhuka umuhanda uhagarara, uturere ducururizwa mu bucuruzi, kandi inzira yo gutambuka ni nziza kuriDC Amashanyarazi.
3. Ikirangantego cyamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi yamasezerano no kugabanyirizwa muri Amerika
Muri Amerika, hariho gahunda zitandukanye kandi zishishikarijwe zigamije gushishikariza kwishyirirahoSitasiyo y'amashanyarazi. Aya masezerano afasha guhagarika ikiguzi kinini kandi yorohereza ubucuruzi gushora imari mubikorwa remezo.
3.1 Inguzanyo z'umusoro ku misoro ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi
Ubucuruzi bushyirahoAmashanyarazi ya EVirashobora kwemererwa inguzanyo yimisoro ya federasiyo. Mu mabwiriza ya reta, ibigo birashobora kwakira amafaranga agera kuri 30% yo kwishyiriraho, kugeza 30,000 kugirango ushyireho sitasiyo yo gushyuza ahantu h'ubucuruzi. Uku gushimangira cyane umutwaro wimari wo kwishyiriraho kandi ushishikarize ubucuruzi kwakira ibikorwa remezo.
3.2 Gahunda remezo yimodoka yigihugu (Nevi) Gahunda ya formula
TheIbikorwa remezo by'ibinyabiziga by'ibinyabiziga (Nevi) Gahunda ya formulaTanga inkunga ya federasiyo mubucuruzi na guverinoma kugirango ushyireho ev. Iyi gahunda igamije gukora urusobe rwigihugu rwo kwihuta kugirango tumenye ko ba nyirayo bashobora kubona sitasiyo yizewe mu gihugu hose.
Binyuze muri Nevi, ubucuruzi burashobora gusaba inkunga yo gufasha kwishyura ibiciro byaKwishyiriraho Amashanyarazi, kuborohera gutanga umusanzu kubisokuru ev.
4. Ikiguzi cyamashanyarazi cyo kwishyuza
Igiciro cyo gushirahoSitasiyo y'amashanyaraziBiterwa nibintu bitandukanye, harimo ubwoko bwamafge, aho biherereye, hamwe nibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi.
4.1 Ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi
Ibikorwa Remezo bisabwa kugirango ushyireAmashanyarazi ya EVnicyo kintu gihenze cyane cyumushinga. Ubucuruzi bushobora gukenera kuzamura sisitemu zabo z'amashanyarazi, harimo no guhindura imitego, abahungu ba brouke, no kwirambire, kugirango bakire imbaraga ibikeneweUrwego 2 or DC Amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, imbaga y'amashanyarazi irashobora gukenera kuzamurwa kugirango ikemure amaguru yo hejuru asabwa ku bacuruzi.
4.2 Gushiraho Amashanyarazi Kwishyuza Ibinyabiziga
Ikiguzi cyaKwishyiriraho AmashanyaraziHarimo akazi kugirango ushyire ibice hamwe ninshinga zose zikenewe. Ibi birashobora gutandukana bitewe nuburemere bwurubuga rwo kwishyiriraho. Kwinjiza amaguru mu iterambere rishya cyangwa imiterere n'ibikorwa remezo biriho bishobora kuba bihenze kuruta gusubira mu nyubako zishaje.
4.3 Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi utanga amashanyarazi
Ihuriro ryungurura ritanga ubucuruzi nubushobozi bwo gukurikirana imikoreshereze, kwishyura inzira, no kubungabunga sitasiyo kure. Mugihe sisitemu yumuyoboro ifite ibiciro byo kwishyiriraho, itanga amakuru yingirakamaro hamwe ninyungu zikora, ibakora ishoramari ryingirakamaro kubucuruzi bashaka gutanga uburambe bwo kwishyuza abakiriya.
5. Sitasiyo yubucuruzi rusange
Kwishyiriraho no gufata nezaSitasiyo Yubucuruzi YamashanyaraziUkeneye ibitekerezo byihariye kugirango sitasiyo zikomeze gukora kandi zigere kuri ba nyirabyo bose.
5.1 Amashanyarazi yubucuruzi ahuza imyumbati
Amashanyarazi ya EVKoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwabahuza, harimoSae J1772kuriUrwego 2 Amashanyarazi, naChademo or CCSguhuzaDC Amashanyarazi. Ni ngombwa kubacuruzi gushirahoSitasiyo y'amashanyaraziIbyo bihuye nabahuza bikunze gukoreshwa na evs mukarere kabo.
5.2 Kubungabunga Sitasiyo yamashanyarazi
Kubungabunga bisanzwe ni ngombwa mugukomezaUbucuruzi Bwishyuza SitasiyoGuma imikorere kandi yizewe. Ibi birimo kuvugurura software, igenzura ryibikoresho, no gukemura ibibazo nkibisohoka imbaraga cyangwa ibibazo bihuza ibibazo. Ubucuruzi bwinshi bwa guhitamo amasezerano ya serivisi kugirango yemeze ibyaboAmashanyarazi ya EVbabungabunzwe neza kandi bagakomeza gutanga serivisi zizewe kubakiriya.
Nkuko ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikomeje gukundwa, icyifuzo cyaUbucuruzi Bwishyuza Sitasiyobiteganijwe gusa kuzamuka. Muguhitamo witonze ahantu heza, ubwoko bwamaji, hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa bashizeho, ubucuruzi bushobora gushora imari kubyo bikenewe cyane kubikorwa remezo. Inkunga nkinguzanyo zinguzanyo za leta na gahunda ya Nevi kora inzibacyuho kuriAmashanyarazi ya EVbihendutse, mugihe ukomeje kubungabunga ko ishoramari ryanyu rikomeje kuba ingaragu mumyaka iri imbere.
Waba ushaka gushirahoUrwego rw'Ubucuruzi 2 EVku kazi kawe cyangwa umuyoboro waDC AmashanyaraziKu kigo cyubucuruzi, gushora imariUbucuruzi Bwishyuza Sitasiyoni amahitamo yubwenge kubucuruzi bushaka kuguma imbere yumurongo. Hamwe nubumenyi bukwiye, uteganya gukora ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza bitahuye gusa nibikenewe uyu munsi ariko nabyo byateguwe kubisobanuro bya EV ejo.
Igihe cyohereza: Ukuboza-03-2024