Isesengura n'imyumvire y'Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi na EV Charger muri Amerika

Isesengura n'imyumvire y'Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi na EV Charger muri Amerika
Mu gihe iki cyorezo cyibasiye inganda nyinshi, ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi n’ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza byabaye ibintu bidasanzwe. Ndetse isoko ryo muri Amerika, ritabaye indashyikirwa ku isi yose, ritangiye kuzamuka.
Mu iteganyagihe ry’isoko ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi muri Amerika mu 2023, blog y’ikoranabuhanga yo muri Amerika Techcrunch yavuze ko itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ry’ibiciro (IRA), ryemejwe na guverinoma y’Amerika muri Kanama, rimaze kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, aho abakora ibinyabiziga bakora. iminyururu yabo yo kugemura ninganda muri Amerika.
Ntabwo Tesla na GM gusa, ahubwo nibigo nka Ford, Nissan, Rivian na Volkswagen, bizabyungukiramo.
Mu 2022, kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri Amerika byiganjemo imideli mike, nka Model S ya Tesla, Model Y na Model 3, Bolt ya Chevrolet na Mustang Mach-E ya Ford. 2023 izabona nibindi bishya bishya bisohoka mugihe inganda nshya ziza, kandi bizaba bihendutse.
McKinsey yahanuye ko abakora amamodoka gakondo hamwe na EV batangira bazatanga imideli mishya igera kuri 400 muri 2023.
Byongeye kandi, mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza, Amerika yatangaje ko izateganya ingengo y’imari ingana na miliyari 7.5 z’amadolari mu 2022 yo kubaka sitasiyo zishyuza 500.000. Umuryango udaharanira inyungu ICCT ugereranya ko mu 2030, ibisabwa kuri sitasiyo ya Leta ishinzwe kwishyuza muri Amerika bizarenga miliyoni.
Isoko ryimodoka zikura amashanyarazi
Isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi, harimo n’imodoka ya Hybrid Electric (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric (PHEV) n’imodoka ya Battery Electric (BEV), ikomeje kwiyongera mu bidukikije by’icyorezo cya COVID-19.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa McKinsey bwabigaragaje (Fischer et al., 2021), nubwo muri rusange igabanuka ry’imodoka ku isi, 2020 yari umwaka ukomeye wo kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi, kandi mu gihembwe cya gatatu cy’uwo mwaka, kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ku isi mu byukuri byararenze urwego rwabanjirije COVID-19.
By'umwihariko, kugurisha mu Burayi no mu Bushinwa byiyongereyeho 60% na 80% mu gihembwe cya kane mu gihembwe gishize, bituma igipimo cy’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi kigera ku gipimo cya 6%. Mu gihe Amerika yasigaye inyuma y’utundi turere twombi, igurishwa rya EV ryiyongereyeho hafi 200% hagati ya Q2 2020 na Q2 2021, bigira uruhare mu kugera ku gipimo cy’imbere mu gihugu cya 3,6% mu gihe cy’icyorezo (reba Ishusho 1).

Igishushanyo 1 - Inkomoko: Kwiga McKinsey (Fischer et al., 2021)
Nyamara, witegereje neza ikwirakwizwa ry’imiterere y’imiterere ya EV muri Amerika yose ugaragaza ko ubwiyongere bw’imikorere ya EV butigeze bubaho mu turere twose; bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubucucike bwabaturage nubwinshi mu turere twa metropolitani kandi biratandukana bitewe na leta, hamwe na leta zimwe zifite umubare munini w’abiyandikisha ba EV hamwe n’ibipimo by’abana (Ishusho 2).

Imbere imwe ikomeza kuba Californiya. Nk’uko ikigo gishinzwe ingufu muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe ingufu za peteroli kibitangaza, muri Californiya yiyandikishije ku mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi yoroheje agera kuri 425.300 mu 2020, bingana na 42% by’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu gihugu. Ibyo birenga inshuro zirindwi igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha muri Floride, gifite umubare wa kabiri w’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Inkambi zombi mumasoko yo kwishyuza muri Amerika
Usibye Ubushinwa n'Uburayi, Amerika ni isoko rya gatatu mu kwishyuza imodoka ku isi. Nk’uko imibare ya IEA ibigaragaza, guhera mu 2021, muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika hari miliyoni 2 z’ingufu z’amashanyarazi, 114.000 zishyuza imodoka rusange (sitasiyo zishyuza 36.000), hamwe n’ikigereranyo rusange cy’ibinyabiziga rusange 17: 1, aho AC itinda buhoro bingana na 81 %, munsi gato ugereranije nisoko ryiburayi.
Amashanyarazi yo muri Amerika agabanijwe kubwoko bwa AC buhoro buhoro (harimo L1 - kwishyuza isaha 1 yo gutwara ibirometero 2-5 na L2 - kwishyuza isaha 1 yo gutwara ibirometero 10-20), hamwe na DC byihuta (kwishyuza isaha 1 yo gutwara ibirometero 60 cyangwa byinshi). Kugeza ubu, AC itinda kwishyurwa L2 ihwanye na 80%, hamwe n’umushinga ukomeye ChargePoint watanze 51.5% by’umugabane w’isoko, mu gihe DC yishyuza byihuse igera kuri 19%, iyobowe na Tesla ifite imigabane 58% ku isoko.

Inkomoko: Hua 'Impapuro
Raporo yakozwe na Grand View Research ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2021 ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi byishyuza isoko ry’ibikorwa remezo byari miliyari 2.85 z'amadolari kandi biteganijwe ko biziyongera ku gipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka (CAGR) cya 36.9% kuva 2022 kugeza 2030.
Ibikurikira nisosiyete zikomeye zo muri Amerika zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Tesla
Uruganda rukora amashanyarazi Tesla rufite kandi rukora urusobe rwarwo rwa Superchargers. Isosiyete ifite sitasiyo zishyuza 1,604 hamwe n’amashanyarazi arenga 14.081 ku isi, aherereye ahantu rusange ndetse no mu bucuruzi bwa Tesla. Kuba umunyamuryango ntibisabwa, ariko bigarukira kumodoka ya Tesla ifite ibikoresho bihuza nyirubwite. Tesla irashobora gukoresha amashanyarazi ya SAE ikoresheje adapt.
Igiciro kiratandukana bitewe nibindi bintu, ariko mubisanzwe ni $ 0.28 kuri kilowati. Niba ikiguzi gishingiye kumwanya wakoresheje, ni amafaranga 13 kumunota munsi ya 60 kWh na 26 kumunota hejuru ya 60 kWh.
Umuyoboro wa Tesla usanzwe ugizwe na supercharger zirenga 20.000 (charger zihuta). Mugihe iyindi miyoboro yo kwishyuza ifite uruvange rwurwego rwa 1 (hejuru yamasaha 8 kugirango yishyurwe), Urwego 2 (hejuru yamasaha 4 kugirango yishyurwe) hamwe na charger yihuta yo murwego rwa 3 (hafi isaha 1 kugeza yuzuye), ibikorwa remezo bya Tesla byashizweho kugirango yemere ba nyirabyo kugera mumuhanda byihuse hamwe n'amafaranga make.
Sitasiyo zose za Supercharger zerekanwa ku ikarita yimikorere muri sisitemu yo kugendana na Tesla. Abakoresha barashobora kubona sitasiyo munzira, kimwe numuvuduko wo kwishyuza no kuboneka. Umuyoboro wa Supercharger wemerera ba nyiri Tesla kubona uburambe bwiza bushoboka bwurugendo badashingiye kumasosiyete yishyuza.
Hisha
Umuyoboro wa Blink ufitwe na Car Charging Group, Inc, ikora 3,275 Urwego rwa 2 nu Rwego rwa 3 rwishyuza rusange muri Amerika. Icyitegererezo cya serivisi nuko udakeneye kuba umunyamuryango kugirango ukoreshe charger ya Blink, ariko urashobora kuzigama amafaranga mugihe winjiye.
Igiciro fatizo cyo kwishyurwa urwego 2 ni $ 0.39 kugeza $ 0.79 kuri KWH, cyangwa $ 0.04 kugeza $ 0.06 kumunota. Urwego rwa 3 kwishyuza byihuse bigura $ 0.49 kugeza $ 0.69 kuri KWH, cyangwa $ 6.99 kugeza $ 9.99 kuri buri kwishura.
Amashanyarazi
Ikorera muri Californiya, ChargePoint numuyoboro munini wo kwishyuza muri Amerika ufite amanota arenga 68.000 yo kwishyuza, muri yo 1.500 ni ibikoresho byo kwishyuza urwego rwa 3 DC. Gusa ijanisha rito rya chargePoint yumuriro ni Urwego rwa 3 DC Yihuta.
Ibi bivuze ko sitasiyo nyinshi zishyirwaho zagenewe kwishyurwa gahoro mugihe cyakazi ahakorerwa ubucuruzi ukoresheje urwego rwa I na Rwego rwa II. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kongera abakiriya mu ngendo za EV, ariko umuyoboro wabo ufite ibitagenda neza mu ngendo z’ibihugu ndetse n’urugendo rurerure, ibyo bikaba bidashoboka ko ba nyiri EV bazashingira kuri ChargePoint.
Koresha amashanyarazi muri Amerika
Electrify America, ifitwe n’uruganda rukora amamodoka Volkswagen, irateganya gushyiraho sitasiyo 480 yihuta cyane mu turere 17 tw’umujyi wa leta mu ntara 42 mu mpera z’umwaka, buri sitasiyo ikaba itarenga kilometero 70 uvuye ku yindi. Kuba umunyamuryango ntabwo bisabwa, ariko kugabanuka kurahari kugirango winjire muri gahunda ya Pass + ya sosiyete. Amafaranga yo kwishyurwa abarwa kumunota kumunota, ukurikije aho uherereye nurwego ntarengwa rwemewe rwikinyabiziga.
Kurugero, muri Californiya, igiciro fatizo ni $ 0.99 kumunota kubushobozi bwa 350 kWt, $ 0.69 kuri 125 kWt, $ 0.25 kuri 75 kWt, na $ 1.00 kumushahara. Amafaranga ya buri kwezi kuri gahunda ya Pass + ni $ 4.00, na $ 0.70 kumunota kuri 350 kWt, $ 0.50 kumunota kuri 125 kWt, na $ 0.18 kumunota kuri 75 kW.
EVgo
EVgo, ifite icyicaro muri Tennessee kandi ikomeza amashanyarazi arenga 1200 DC muri leta 34. Ibiciro byo kwishyurwa byihuse biratandukana mukarere. Kurugero, mukarere ka Los Angeles muri Californiya, igura amadorari 0.27 kumunota kubatari abanyamuryango na $ 0.23 kumunota kubanyamuryango. Kwiyandikisha bisaba amafaranga ya buri kwezi $ 7.99, ariko akubiyemo iminota 34 yo kwishyurwa byihuse. Ibyo ari byo byose, Urwego 2 rwishyura $ 1.50 ku isaha. Menya kandi ko EVgo yagiranye amasezerano na Tesla kuri sitasiyo zishyirwaho za EVgo byihuse kugirango ba nyiri Tesla babone.
Volta
Volta, isosiyete ikorera mu mujyi wa San Francisco ikora sitasiyo zirenga 700 zishyuza muri leta 10, ikigaragara ni uko kwishyuza ibikoresho bya Volta ari ubuntu kandi nta munyamuryango usabwa. Volta yateye inkunga yo gushyiraho urwego rwo kwishyuza urwego rwa 2 hafi y’abacuruzi nka ibiryo byuzuye, Macy na Saks. Mugihe isosiyete yishura fagitire yamashanyarazi, yinjiza amafaranga mugurisha amatangazo yatewe inkunga yerekanwe kuri moniteur yashyizwe kumashanyarazi. Inzitizi nyamukuru ya Volta ni ukubura ibikorwa remezo byo kurwego rwa 3 byihuse.