Nkumushinga wa charger ya EV, uri mubucuruzi bwo kugurisha amashanyarazi. Ariko uhura na paradox ya buri munsi: ugenzura imbaraga, ariko ntugenzura abakiriya. Umukiriya nyawe kuri charger yawe ni iyimodokaSisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS)—A "agasanduku kirabura" gategeka niba, igihe, nuburyo bwihuta imodoka.
Ngiyo intandaro yibibazo byawe bikunze kugaragara. Iyo icyiciro cyo kwishyuza cyananiranye kuburyo budasobanutse cyangwa imodoka nshya yishyuza umuvuduko ukabije, BMS ifata ibyemezo. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwa JD Power buherutse,1 kuri 5 kugerageza kwishyuza kumugaragaro birananirana, n'amakosa y'itumanaho hagati ya sitasiyo n'imodoka ni nyirabayazana.
Aka gatabo kazafungura ako gasanduku kirabura. Tuzimuka turenze ibisobanuro byibanze biboneka ahandi. Tuzasesengura uburyo BMS ivugana, uko igira ingaruka kubikorwa byawe, nuburyo ushobora kuyikoresha kugirango wubake umuyoboro wizewe, wubwenge, kandi wunguka.
Uruhare rwa BMS Imbere mu modoka
Icyambere, reka dusuzume muri make ibyo BMS ikora imbere. Iyi mirongo ni ngombwa. Imbere mu modoka, BMS ni umurinzi wapaki ya batiri, ibintu bigoye kandi bihenze. Imikorere yibanze, nkuko byagaragajwe ninkomoko nka Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika, ni:
Gukurikirana Akagari:Ikora nka muganga, ihora igenzura ibimenyetso byingenzi (voltage, ubushyuhe, ikigezweho) ya selile ya batiri cyangwa ibihumbi.
• Leta ishinzwe (SoC) & Ubuzima (SoH) Kubara:Itanga "lisansi ya lisansi" kubashoferi ikanasuzuma ubuzima bwigihe kirekire.
• Umutekano & Kurinda:Akazi kayo gakomeye cyane ni ukurinda kunanirwa kwangiza mukurinda kwishyuza birenze urugero, gusohora cyane, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.
Kuringaniza Akagari:Iremeza ko selile zose zishyurwa kandi zigasohoka neza, bikongerera ubushobozi ubushobozi bwo gukoresha no kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi.
Iyi mirimo y'imbere itegeka mu buryo butaziguye imyitwarire yo kwishyuza ikinyabiziga.
Intoki zikomeye: Uburyo BMS ivugana na charger yawe
Igitekerezo cyingenzi kubakoresha ni ihuriro ryitumanaho. Uku "guhana ukuboko" hagati ya charger yawe na BMS yimodoka igena byose. Igice cyingenzi cyibihe byose bigezwehoIgishushanyo mbonera cya EVirateganya itumanaho ryiza.
Itumanaho ryibanze (Analog Handshake)
Urwego rusanzwe rwa 2 AC kwishyurwa, bisobanurwa na SAE J1772, ikoresha ikimenyetso cyoroshye cyo kugereranya cyitwa Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). Tekereza ibi nkibiganiro byibanze, inzira imwe.
1.YanyuIbikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi (EVSE)yohereza ikimenyetso kivuga ngo: "Nshobora gutanga amps agera kuri 32."
2.BMS yimodoka yakira iki kimenyetso.
3.BMS noneho ibwira charger yimodoka kumurongo, "Nibyo, urahanaguwe gushika kuri amps 32."
Ubu buryo bwizewe ariko butanga hafi yamakuru atagarutse kuri charger.
Itumanaho ryiza (Dialogue ya Digital): ISO 15118
Ubu ni ejo hazaza, kandi bimaze kuba hano. ISO 15118ni urwego rwohejuru rwitumanaho rwitumanaho rufasha ibiganiro bikungahaye, byinzira ebyiri hagati yikinyabiziga na sitasiyo yishyuza. Iri tumanaho riba hejuru yumurongo w'amashanyarazi ubwabo.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho kuri buri kintu cyateye imbere cyo kwishyuza. Nibyingenzi kumiyoboro igezweho, yubwenge. Inzego zikomeye zinganda nka CharIN eV zirwanira kwakirwa kwisi yose.
Uburyo ISO 15118 na OCPP Bikorana
Ni ngombwa kumva ko ibyo ari bibiri bitandukanye, ariko byuzuzanya, ibipimo.
• OCPP(Fungura Charge Point Protocole) ni ururimi rwawecharger ikoresha kugirango ivugane na software yawe yo hagati (CSMS)mu gicu.
• ISO 15118ni ururimi rwawecharger ikoresha kuvugana na BMS yimodoka. Sisitemu yubwenge rwose ikeneye byombi gukora.
Uburyo BMS igira ingaruka itaziguye mubikorwa byawe bya buri munsi
Iyo usobanukiwe uruhare rwa BMS nkurinda nogutumanaho, ibibazo byawe bya buri munsi bitangira kumvikana.
• Amabanga "Kwishyuza umurongo" Amayobera:DC yihuta yo kwishyuza ntabwo iguma kumuvuduko wacyo muremure. Umuvuduko uragabanuka cyane nyuma yuko bateri igeze kuri 60-80% SoC. Ibi ntabwo ari amakosa muri charger yawe; ni BMS itinda nkana kwishyuza kugirango hirindwe ubushyuhe no kwangirika kwakagari.
• "Ikibazo" Ibinyabiziga no Kwishyuza Buhoro:Umushoferi arashobora kwinubira umuvuduko utinze ndetse no kuri charger ikomeye. Ibi akenshi biterwa nuko imodoka yabo ifite ubushobozi buke kuri On-Board Charger, kandi BMS ntizasaba imbaraga zirenze OBC ishobora gukora. Muri ibi bihe, isanzwe kuri aBuhoro Buhoroumwirondoro.
• Kurangiza amasomo atunguranye:Isomo rishobora kurangira gitunguranye niba BMS itahuye ikibazo gishobora kubaho, nkakazu kamwe gashyuha cyane cyangwa voltage idasanzwe. Yohereje itegeko "guhagarika" ako kanya kuri charger kugirango irinde bateri. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Laboratwari y’igihugu ishinzwe ingufu (NREL) bwemeza ko aya makosa y’itumanaho ari isoko ikomeye yo kwishyuza.
Gukoresha BMS Data: Kuva Agasanduku k'umukara kugeza mubucuruzi bwubwenge
Hamwe nibikorwa remezo bishyigikiraISO 15118, urashobora guhindura BMS kuva kumasanduku yumukara uhinduka isoko yamakuru yingirakamaro. Ibi bihindura ibikorwa byawe.
Tanga Isuzumabumenyi Ryisumbuyeho hamwe no Kwishyuza Ubwenge
Sisitemu yawe irashobora kwakira amakuru nyayo avuye mumodoka, harimo:
• Leta isabwa neza (SoC) ku ijana.
• Ubushyuhe bwa bateri burigihe.
• Umuvuduko wihariye na amperage bisabwa na BMS.
Kunoza cyane Ubunararibonye bwabakiriya
Wifashishije aya makuru, ecran ya charger yawe irashobora gutanga igereranya-ryuzuye "Igihe Cyuzuye". Urashobora kandi kwerekana ubutumwa bwingirakamaro nka, "Kwishyuza umuvuduko wagabanutse kugirango urinde ubuzima bwa bateri igihe kirekire." Uku gukorera mu mucyo kubaka ikizere cyinshi hamwe nabashoferi.
Fungura Serivise Zihebuje-Ibinyabiziga-Kuri-Grid (V2G)
V2G, intego yibanze muri Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika, yemerera EV zaparitse gutanga amashanyarazi kuri gride. Ibi ntibishoboka udafite ISO 15118. Amashanyarazi yawe agomba kuba ashobora gusaba imbaraga mumodoka, itegeko BMS yonyine ishobora gutanga uburenganzira no kuyobora. Ibi bifungura ibyinjira byinjira muri serivisi za gride.
Umupaka Ukurikira: Ubushishozi buva mu imurikagurisha rya 14 rya Shanghai
Tekinoroji iri muri paki ya batiri iratera imbere byihuse. Ubushishozi buvuye ku isi iherutse kuba nka14th Shanghai International International Storage Technology and Technology Expotwereke ibikurikira nuburyo bizagira ingaruka kuri BMS.
• Amashanyarazi mashya ya Batiri:Kuzamuka kwaSodium-ionnaIgice cya kabiribateri, zaganiriweho cyane muri imurikagurisha, itangiza ibintu bishya byubushyuhe hamwe nu murongo wa voltage. BMS igomba kuba ifite software yoroheje yo gucunga imiti mishya kandi neza.
• Passport ya Digital Twin & Battery:Insanganyamatsiko y'ingenzi ni igitekerezo cya "pasiporo ya batiri" - inyandiko ya digitale y'ubuzima bwa bateri yose. BMS niyo soko yaya makuru, ikurikirana amafaranga yose hamwe nogusohora kugirango ikore "impanga ya digitale" ishobora guhanura neza uko ubuzima bwayo buzaza (SoH).
• Kwiga AI n'imashini:Ibisekuru bizakurikiraho BMS izakoresha AI kugirango isesengure uburyo bukoreshwa kandi ihanure imyitwarire yubushyuhe, ihindure umurongo wo kwishyuza mugihe nyacyo kugirango uburinganire bwuzuye bwubuzima nubuzima bwa bateri.
Icyo bivuze kuri wewe？
Kugirango wubake umuyoboro wo kwishyuza ejo hazaza, ingamba zawe zitanga amasoko zigomba gushyira imbere itumanaho nubwenge.
• Ibyuma ni Urufatiro:Iyo uhitamoIbikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi (EVSE), wemeze ko ifite ibyuma byuzuye hamwe na software ya ISO 15118 kandi yiteguye kuvugurura V2G.
• Porogaramu ninama yawe igenzura:Sisitemu yo gucunga sitasiyo yawe (CSMS) igomba kuba ishobora gusobanura no gukoresha amakuru akomeye yatanzwe n imodoka BMS.
• Ibibazo bya mugenzi wawe:Ubumenyi Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwishyuza cyangwa umufatanyabikorwa w'ikoranabuhanga ni ngombwa. Barashobora gutanga igisubizo cyibisubizo aho ibyuma, software, numuyoboro byose byateguwe kugirango bikore neza. Basobanukiwe ko ingeso yo kwishyuza, nkigisubizo kuriNi kangahe nshobora kwishyuza ev kuri 100?, bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwa bateri nimyitwarire ya BMS.
Umukiriya wawe wingenzi cyane ni BMS
Imyaka myinshi, inganda zibanze ku gutanga ingufu gusa. Icyo gihe cyararangiye. Kugira ngo dukemure ibibazo byizewe hamwe nuburambe bwabakoresha bibangamira kwishyurwa rusange, tugomba kureba ibinyabizigaSisitemu yo gucunga baterink'umukiriya wibanze.
Icyiciro cyo kwishyuza cyatsinze ni ibiganiro byatsinze. Mugushora mubikorwa remezo byubwenge bivuga ururimi rwa BMS binyuze mubipimo nkaISO 15118, wimuka urenze kuba ibintu byoroshye. Uhinduka amakuru ashingiye kumasoko yingufu, ashoboye gutanga serivise nziza, zizewe, kandi zunguka cyane. Uru nurufunguzo rwo kubaka umuyoboro utera imbere mumyaka icumi iri imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-09-2025