Wakoze ubwenge bwimodoka mumashanyarazi, ariko ubu hashyizweho impungenge nshya. Ese imodoka yawe nshya ihenze rwose ifite umutekano mugihe wishyuye ijoro ryose? Ikibazo cyamashanyarazi cyihishe gishobora kwangiza bateri yacyo? Niki kibuza ingufu zoroshye zidahindura amashanyarazi yawe yubuhanga buhanitse mumatafari? Izi mpungenge zifite ishingiro.
Isi yaUmutekano wa chargerni ikirombe cya jargon ya tekiniki. Kugirango utange ibisobanuro, twatandukanije ibintu byose ukeneye kumenya murutonde rumwe rusobanutse. Ubu ni bwo buryo 10 bukomeye bwo kurinda butandukanya uburambe bwizewe, bwizewe bwo gukina urusimbi.
1. Kurinda Amazi & Umukungugu (IP Rating)
Iya mbereUburyo bwo kurinda amashanyarazini ingabo yumubiri irwanya ibidukikije. Igipimo cya IP (Kurinda Ingress) ni igipimo rusange kigereranya uburyo igikoresho gifunzwe neza (ivumbi, umwanda) n'amazi (imvura, shelegi).
Impamvu ari ngombwa:Amazi na electronique ya elegitoroniki ivanze cyane. Amashanyarazi adafunze neza arashobora kuzunguruka mugihe gito cyimvura, bigatera kwangirika burundu kandi bigatera umuriro cyangwa impanuka ikomeye. Umukungugu n'imyanda birashobora kandi kwirundanyiriza imbere, gufunga ibice bikonjesha kandi biganisha ku bushyuhe bukabije. Kumashanyarazi iyo ari yo yose, cyane cyane yashyizwe hanze, igipimo cyo hejuru cya IP ntigishobora kuganirwaho.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
• Umubare wambere (Solide):Itandukaniro kuva 0-6. Ukeneye amanota byibuze5(Umukungugu urinzwe) cyangwa6(Umukungugu wuzuye).
• Umubare wa kabiri (Liquids):Itandukaniro kuva 0-8. Kuri garage yo mu nzu,4(Kumena Amazi) biremewe. Kubintu byose byo hanze, reba byibuze5(Amazi y'amazi), hamwe6(Amazi meza y'amazi) cyangwa7(Immersion by'agateganyo) kuba nziza cyane kubihe bibi. Mubyukuriamashanyarazi ya EVizaba ifite igipimo cya IP65 cyangwa irenga.
| Urutonde rwa IP | Urwego rwo Kurinda | Gukoresha Urubanza |
| IP54 | Umukungugu urinzwe, ushwanyaguza | Igaraje ryo mu nzu, karitsiye yuzuye |
| IP65 | Umukungugu wuzuye, urinda indege zamazi | Hanze, ihura n'imvura |
| IP67 | Umukungugu wuzuye, urinda kwibizwa | Hanze mu turere dukunze kwibamo ibiziba cyangwa umwuzure |
Ikizamini cya Elinkpower
2. Ingaruka & Kugongana Kurwanya (IK Urutonde & Inzitizi)
Amashanyarazi yawe akenshi ashyirwa ahantu hanini cyane: garage yawe. Irashobora kwibasirwa nibisasu, ibisigazwa, ningaruka zituruka kumodoka yawe, ibyatsi, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
Impamvu ari ngombwa:Amazu ya charger yamenetse cyangwa yamenetse yerekana ibice byamashanyarazi bizima imbere, bigatera ibyago byihuse kandi bikomeye. Ndetse n'ingaruka ntoya irashobora kwangiza imiyoboro yimbere, biganisha kumakosa rimwe na rimwe cyangwa kunanirwa kwuzuye.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
• IK amanota:Iki ni igipimo cyo kurwanya ingaruka, kuva IK00 (nta kurinda) kugeza IK10 (kurinda cyane). Kumashanyarazi atuyemo, reba urutonde byibuzeIK08, irashobora kwihanganira ingaruka 5-joule. Kumashanyarazi rusange cyangwa yubucuruzi,IK10ni Bisanzwe.
• Inzitizi z'umubiri:Kurinda ibyiza ni ukurinda ingaruka zibaho. BirakwiyeIgishushanyo mbonera cya EVahantu hashobora kwibasirwa hagomba gushyirwaho ibyuma bya bollard cyangwa uruziga rworoshye rwa rubber ruhagarara hasi kugirango ibinyabiziga bigere kure.
3. Kurinda Ikosa Ryambere Kurinda (Ubwoko B RCD / GFCI)
Nibishobora kuvugwa cyane ibikoresho byumutekano byimbere kandi ni imfuruka yagukingira ibinyabiziga amashanyarazi. Ikosa ryubutaka riba mugihe amashanyarazi yamenetse ugasanga inzira itateganijwe kubutaka-ishobora kuba umuntu. Iki gikoresho cyerekana ko gisohoka kandi kigabanya ingufu muri milisegonda.
Impamvu ari ngombwa:Ikimenyetso gisanzwe cyerekana amakosa (Ubwoko A) kiboneka munzu nyinshi ni impumyi kumeneka "DC yoroshye" ishobora kubyara amashanyarazi ya EV. Niba amakosa ya DC abaye, Ubwoko A RCDntazagenda, gusiga ikosa rizima rishobora kwica. Ngiyo akaga gakomeye kihishe mumashanyarazi adasobanutse.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
• Ibisobanuro bya chargerigombavuga ko ikubiyemo kurinda amakosa ya DC. Reba interuro:
"Andika B RCD"
"6mA DC Kumenya Kumeneka"
"RDC-DD (Igikoresho gisigaye cyerekana ibikoresho)
• Ntugure charger yerekana gusa "Ubwoko A RCD" kurinda nta wongeyeho DC. Ibi byateye imbereamakosakurinda ni ngombwa kuri EV igezweho.
4. Kurenza urugero & Kurinda Inzira Zigufi
Ibi biranga umutekano wibanze bikora nkumupolisi urinda amashanyarazi, kurinda insinga zurugo rwawe hamwe na charger ubwayo gushushanya amashanyarazi menshi. Irinda ibyago bibiri by'ingenzi.
Impamvu ari ngombwa:
• Kurenza urugero:Iyo charger idahwema gukurura imbaraga zirenze izunguruka zagenwe, insinga ziri murukuta rwawe zirashyuha. Ibi birashobora gushonga insuline ikingira, biganisha kuri arcing kandi bigatera ibyago nyabyo byumuriro wamashanyarazi.
• Inzira ngufi:Nibintu bitunguranye, bitagenzuwe byumuyaga mugihe insinga zikoraho. Hatabayeho gukingirwa ako kanya, ibyabaye birashobora gutera arc flash iturika kandi byangiza.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
• Buri charger ifite iyi yubatswe, ariko igomba gushyigikirwa na aumuzenguruko wabigeneweuhereye kumashanyarazi yawe.
• Imashanyarazi yamenetse mumwanya wawe igomba kuba ifite ubunini buringaniye bwa amgerage ya charger hamwe na gazi ya wire yakoreshejwe, byujuje byoseNEC ibisabwa kuri charger ya EV. Ninimpamvu yingenzi kwishyiriraho umwuga ni ngombwa.
5. Hejuru no munsi yo Kurinda Umuvuduko
Imashanyarazi ntabwo ihagaze neza. Urwego rwa voltage rushobora guhindagurika, kugabanuka mugihe gikenewe cyane cyangwa kuzamuka bitunguranye. Bateri ya EV yawe hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyuza biroroshye kandi byashizweho kugirango bikore murwego runaka rwa voltage.
Impamvu ari ngombwa:
• Kurenza Umuvuduko:Umuvuduko mwinshi urambye urashobora kwangiza burundu imashini yimodoka yawe hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri, biganisha ku gusana bihenze bidasanzwe.
• Munsi ya Voltage (Sags):Mugihe cyangiritse cyane, voltage ntoya irashobora gutuma kwishyurwa kunanirwa inshuro nyinshi, shyira imbaraga mubice bya charger, kandi wirinde imodoka yawe kwaka neza.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
• Iki nikintu cyimbere muburyo bwizaIbikoresho byo gutanga amashanyarazi (EVSE). Ibicuruzwa byihariye bigomba gutondekanya "Kurenga / Munsi yo Kurinda Umuvuduko." Amashanyarazi azahita akurikirana voltage yinjira kandi izahagarara cyangwa ihagarike icyiciro cyo kwishyuza niba voltage yimukiye hanze yidirishya ryumutekano.
6. Kurinda amashanyarazi ya Grid (SPD)
Imbaraga ziyongera zitandukanye na voltage irenze. Nibisunzu binini, ako kanya muri voltage, mubisanzwe bimara microseconds gusa, akenshi biterwa numurabyo uri hafi cyangwa ibikorwa bikomeye bya gride.
Impamvu ari ngombwa:Kwiyongera gukomeye birashobora kuba igihano cyurupfu kubikoresho byose bya elegitoroniki. Irashobora gucana hejuru yamashanyarazi asanzwe hanyuma ikaranga microprocessor yoroheje muri charger yawe kandi, mubihe bibi cyane, imodoka yawe ubwayo. Shingirokurinda birenze urugerontacyo ikora ngo ihagarike.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
• Imbere muri SPD:Amashanyarazi amwe n'amwe afite primaire yo kubaga yubatswe. Nibyiza, ariko ni urwego rumwe gusa rwo kwirwanaho.
• Urugo rwose SPD (Ubwoko 1 cyangwa Ubwoko 2):Igisubizo cyiza nukugira amashanyarazi ashyiraho akurinda amashanyarazi ya chargerigikoresho muburyo butaziguye kumashanyarazi cyangwa metero. Ibi birinda charger yawe kandiburi weseibikoresho bya elegitoronike murugo rwawe kuva hanze. Nukuzamura igiciro gito ugereranije nigiciro kinini cyane.
7. Gucunga neza insinga kandi zifite umutekano
Umugozi uremereye, ufite amashanyarazi menshi asigaye hasi ni impanuka itegereje kubaho. Nibyago byurugendo, kandi umugozi ubwawo urashobora kwangirika.
Impamvu ari ngombwa:Umugozi utwarwa inshuro nyinshi n imodoka irashobora kumenagura imiyoboro yimbere hamwe na insulasiyo, bigatera ibyangiritse byihishe bishobora gutera ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa umuzunguruko muto. Umuhuza wimanitse urashobora kwangirika iyo wamanutse cyangwa wuzuyemo imyanda, biganisha kumurongo mubi. Bikora nezaKubungabunga Sitasiyo ya EVitangirana nogukoresha neza.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
Ububiko Bwuzuye:Amashanyarazi yatunganijwe neza azashyiramo Holster yubatswe kuri connexion hamwe na hook cyangwa gupfunyika umugozi. Ibi bituma ibintu byose bigira isuku kandi bitari hasi.
• Abakuramo / Booms:Kubirenzeho mumutekano no korohereza, cyane cyane muri garage zuzuye, tekereza kurukuta rwubatswe cyangwa rushyizweho na kabili. Bituma umugozi usukurwa hasi mugihe udakoreshejwe.
8. Gucunga imitwaro yubwenge
UmunyabwengeUburyo bwo kurinda amashanyaraziikoresha software kugirango ikubuze kurenza urugero sisitemu y'amashanyarazi murugo rwawe.
Impamvu ari ngombwa:Amashanyarazi akomeye yo murwego rwa 2 arashobora gukoresha amashanyarazi nkigikoni cyawe cyose. Niba utangiye kwishyuza imodoka yawe mugihe icyuma gikonjesha, icyuma cyumuriro, nitanura kirimo gukora, urashobora kurenza byoroshye ubushobozi bwikibaho kinini cyamashanyarazi, bigatuma inzu yose icika umwijima.Imicungire yimitwaro ya EVIrinda ibi.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
• Shakisha amashanyarazi yamamajwe na "Kuringaniza imizigo," "Gucunga imizigo," cyangwa "Kwishyuza ubwenge."
• Ibi bice bikoresha sensor igezweho (clamp ntoya) yashyizwe kumashanyarazi nyamukuru y'urugo rwawe. Amashanyarazi azi imbaraga zose inzu yawe ikoresha kandi izahita igabanya umuvuduko wogukoresha mugihe wegereye imipaka, hanyuma usubire inyuma mugihe ibisabwa bigabanutse. Iyi mikorere irashobora kugukiza amafaranga ibihumbi byinshi byamadorari yo kuzamura amashanyarazi kandi ni ikintu gikomeye muri rusangeEV Igiciro cya Sitasiyo.
9. Kwishyiriraho umwuga & Kode yubahiriza
Ntabwo aribintu biranga charger ubwayo, ariko uburyo bwo kurinda inzira burakomeye rwose. Imashanyarazi ya EV nigikoresho kinini-kigomba gushyirwaho neza kugirango kigire umutekano.
Impamvu ari ngombwa:Kwishyiriraho amateur birashobora gukurura akaga katabarika: insinga nini zidakwiye zishyuha cyane, imiyoboro idahwitse itera amashanyarazi (impamvu ikomeye yumuriro), ubwoko bwa breaker butari bwo, no kutubahiriza amategeko y’amashanyarazi yaho, bishobora guhagarika ubwishingizi bwa nyiri urugo. UwitekaUmutekano wa chargerni byiza gusa nkugushiraho.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
• Buri gihe ukoreshe amashanyarazi abifitemo uruhushya kandi afite ubwishingizi. Baza niba bafite uburambe bwo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi.
• Bazemeza ko umuzunguruko wabigenewe ukoreshwa, igipimo cy’insinga gikwiye kuri amperage nintera, imiyoboro yose ihindurwamo ibisobanuro, kandi imirimo yose yujuje ubuziranenge bw’ibanze n’igihugu (NEC). Amafaranga yakoreshejwe kubanyamwuga nigice cyingenzi cyaEV Igiciro cya charger hamwe nogushiraho.
10. Yemejwe Icyemezo cya gatatu cyumutekano (UL, ETL, nibindi)
Uruganda rushobora gutanga ikirego icyo aricyo cyose kurubuga rwacyo. Ikimenyetso cyemewe na laboratoire yizewe, yigenga bivuze ko ibicuruzwa byageragejwe cyane kubipimo byumutekano byashyizweho.
Impamvu ari ngombwa:Amashanyarazi atemewe, akunze kuboneka kumasoko yo kumurongo, ntabwo yagenzuwe nundi muntu wigenga. Bashobora kubura uburinzi bwimbere bwimbere hejuru, gukoresha ibice bitujuje ubuziranenge, cyangwa bafite ibishushanyo mbonera. Ikimenyetso cyemeza ni gihamya yawe yerekana ko charger yageragejwe kumutekano wamashanyarazi, ibyago byumuriro, nigihe kirekire.
Icyo ugomba gushakisha:
• Shakisha ikimenyetso cyukuri kubicuruzwa ubwabyo nibipfunyika. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara muri Amerika ya ruguru ni:
UL cyangwa UL Urutonde:Kuva muri Laboratoire Zandika.
ETL cyangwa ETL Urutonde:Kuva muri Intertek.
CSA:Kuva mu ishyirahamwe ry’ubuziranenge bwa Kanada.
• Izi mpamyabumenyi ni ishingiro ryaKurinda EVSE. Ntuzigere ugura cyangwa gushiraho charger idatwara kimwe muribi bimenyetso. Sisitemu igezweho ituma ibintu bimeze nkaV2Gcyangwa gucungwa na aUmuyobozi ushinzwe kwishyuzaBuri gihe bizagira ibyemezo byibanze.
Mugukora ibishoboka byose uko ari icumi muburyo bukomeye bwo kurinda, uba wubatse sisitemu yuzuye yumutekano irinda ishoramari ryawe, urugo rwawe, numuryango wawe. Urashobora kwishyuza ufite ikizere cyuzuye, uzi ko wahisemo ubwenge, umutekano.
At imbaraga, twiyemeje gukora inganda ziyobora inganda zindashyikirwa kuri buri charger dukora.
Ubwitange bwacu butangirana no kutarambirwa kumubiri. Hamwe nigipimo gikomeye cya IK10 ntigishobora kugongana hamwe na IP65 idafite amazi, ikorerwa kwibiza cyane mumazi hamwe nibizamini byingaruka mbere yo kuva muruganda. Ibi byemeza kuramba birenze, amaherezo uzigama ibiciro bya nyirubwite. Imbere, charger zacu zirimo ibintu byinshi birinda ubwenge, harimo kuringaniza imizigo kumurongo no kumurongo, munsi ya / hejuru yumuriro wa voltage, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubatswe kugirango burinde amashanyarazi yuzuye.
Ubu buryo bwuzuye bwumutekano ntabwo ari amasezerano gusa - byemewe. Ibicuruzwa byacu byemejwe nabayobozi bizewe kwisi, bafiteUL, ETL, CSA, FCC, TR25, na ENERGY STARimpamyabumenyi. Iyo uhisemo elinkpower, ntabwo uba ugura charger gusa; urimo gushora imari mubuhanga bwubuhanga burambye, umutekano wemejwe, namahoro yanyuma yumutima kumuhanda ujya imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-10-2025